Kısıntılı Su Uygulamalarının Pamuğun (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Verim Bileşenleri ve Lif Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı sulama düzeylerinin pamuk çeşitlerinde verim ve lif kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırma, 2021 yetiştirme sezonunda Adana'nın Sarıçam ilçesinde bulunan Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Araştırma ve Deneme İstasyonunda yürütülmüştür. Deneme, verim bileşenlerinin ölçümlerine dayalı olarak belirlenen üç farklı su stresi seviyesini (I25, I50 ve I100) içermektedir. Çalışmada bölgede yaygın olarak yetiştirilen dört çeşit (Fiona, May 344, May 455 ve May 505) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, sulama suyunda su stresi arttıkça bitki boyu, meyve dalı ve koza sayısı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, çırçır randımanı, kütlü pamuk verimi, lif uzunluğu ve lif mukavemetinde önemli ölçüde kısalma olduğunu göstermiştir. May 455 çeşidi I25 sulama konusunda daha uygun lif inceliği göstermiştir. Tekstil endüstrisindeki en büyük zorluklardan biri olan kaba elyaf sorunu için May455 çeşidi umut verici bir alternatif olarak önerilebilir. Son olarak, Çukurova bölgesinin yarı kurak iklim kuşağında, su kaynakları bol olduğunda tam sulama uygulamaları pamuk üretimi için avantajlı olmaya devam etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu çalışma, suda %50'lik bir azalmanın yine de tekstil endüstrisi için kabul edilebilir lif kalitesi parametreleri sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, su kıtlığı senaryolarında, bölgede pamuk yetiştiriciliği için %50 kısıntılı sulama uygulaması (I50) önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Su stresi
• Verim bileşenleri
• Lif kalitesi
• Sulama uygulamaları
• Su verimliliği

The Effect of Deficit Water Applications on Yield Components and Fiber Quality Characteristics of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels on yield and fiber quality characteristics of cotton varieties. The research was conducted at Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Research and Experiment Station located in Sarıcam district of Adana during the 2021 growing season. The experiment included three different water stress levels (I25, I50, and I100) determined based on measurements of yield components. Four cultivars (Fiona, May 344, May 455, and May 505) widely grown in the region were used in the study. The results showed that plant height, number of fruit branches and bolls, 100 seed weight, ginning yield, cotton mass yield, fiber length, and fiber strength were significantly reduced with increasing water stress in irrigation water. May 455 variety showed more suitable fiber fineness in I25 irrigation treatment. The May455 variety can be recommended as a promising alternative for the coarse fiber problem, which is one of the biggest challenges in the textile industry. Finally, in the semi-arid climate zone of the Çukurova region, full irrigation practices remain advantageous for cotton production when water resources are abundant. However, this study shows that a 50% reduction in water can still provide acceptable fiber quality parameters for the textile industry. Therefore, in water scarcity scenarios, a 50% curtailment irrigation practice (I50) is recommended for cotton cultivation in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Water stress
• Yield components
• Fiber quality
• Irrigation practices
• Water efficiency

Kaynakça

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