Üç Güneyli Maviyemiş (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Çeşidinin Çukurova Koşullarına Fizyolojik Uyum Kapasiteleri

Öz

Bu çalışma, Çukurova ikliminin altında üç güneyli maviyemiş çeşidinin (‘Star’, ‘Legacy’, ‘Biloxi’) fizyolojik performansını karşılaştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme, dolu tülü altında 30 L saksılarda yetiştirilen üç yaşlı bitkilerde gerçekleştirilmiş ve ölçümler çiçeklenme, meyve başlangıcı ve yoğun hasat dönemlerinde yapılmıştır. Fotosentez hızı, stomatal iletkenlik, terleme, yaprak sıcaklığı, klorofil yoğunluğu (SPAD) ve PSII maksimum kuantum verimliliği (Fv/Fm) gibi temel fizyolojik değişkenler ayrıntılı biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, çevresel koşullar sertleştikçe çeşitler arasında belirgin bir ayrışma oluştuğunu göstermiştir. ‘Star’, artan sıcaklık ve buhar basıncı açığına rağmen daha yüksek fotosentetik aktiviteyi, daha güçlü stomatal tepkiyi ve daha düşük yaprak sıcaklığını korumuş; Fv/Fm değerleri de yüksek kalmıştır. ‘Legacy’ orta düzeyde dayanım gösterirken, ‘Biloxi’ yüksek yaprak sıcaklığı, düşen Fv/Fm ve hızlanan klorofil kaybıyla belirgin bir duyarlılık sergilemiştir. Bulgular, sıcak iklimlerde çeşit seçiminde fizyolojik dayanımın belirleyici bir unsur olduğunu ve özellikle ‘Star’ çeşidinin Çukurova gibi hızla ısınan üretim alanları için güçlü bir aday olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fizyolojik stres
• buhar basıncı açığı
• fotosentez
• sıcaklık toleransı

Physiological Adaptation Capacities of Three Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Cultivars to Çukurova Conditions

Öz

This study investigated the physiological performance of three highbush blueberry cultivars ('Star', 'Legacy', 'Biloxi') grown under the climate of the Çukurova region in southern Türkiye. Plants were grown in 30 L containers under a hail-net structure, and measurements were made at flowering, early fruit set and peak harvest. Principal physiological characteristics such as net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf temperature, SPAD chlorophyll index and maximum PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) were measured to identify cultivar specific responses to progressive increases in temperature and VPD. A consistent separation among cultivars emerged as environmental demand increased. 'Star' kept the highest photosynthetic activity, strongest stomatal response, and lowest leaf temperatures, with relatively stable Fv/Fm through the season. 'Legacy' had moderate resilience, largely through sustained chlorophyll levels, while 'Biloxi' was sensitive, reflected in higher leaf temperatures, lower PSII efficiency, and accelerated pigment decline. Overall, this study underlines the key role of cultivar choice in maintaining physiological stability in warm blueberry growing regions, pointing out 'Star' as a particularly suitable genotype for environments facing increasing thermal and evaporative stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physiological stress
• vapor pressure deficit
• photosynthesis
• heat tolerance

Kaynakça

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