Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Kayısı Ağaçlarında Solgunluk ve Gövde Çürüklüğü Etmeni Phytopythium vexans’ın Tanılanması

Öz

Adana, Mersin illerinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan kayısı ağaçlarında hastalığa neden olan Phytopythium türlerinin morfolojik ve kültürel özelliklerinin yanı sıra moleküler karakterizasyonlarını saptamak amacı ile 2010-2012 yılları arasında farklı bölgelerden Phytopythium spp. ile infekteli olduğundan şüphe edilen bitki örnekleri toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan izolatların tamamı ITS gen dizisine göre Phytopythium vexans (de Bary) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque 2014 olarak saptanmıştır. İzolatların koloni deseni ve radiyal gelişimi farklı ortamlarda çalışılmış ve mikroskobik yapıları belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda Phytopythium vexans’ın kayısı ağaçlarında solgunluk, kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü oluşturduğu, kayısı bahçelerinde ekonomik zarar oluşturabileceği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ITS bölgesi,Patojenisite,PCR,Phytopythium spp.,Radyal Gelişim

Identification of Phytopythium vexans Causing Wilting and Trunk Rot of Apricot Trees in Çukurova Region

Öz

Suspicious plant materials with infected Phytopythium spp. were collected from apricot trees causing disease in different countrysides and locations of Adana and Mersin provinces for morphological and cultural features as well as molecular characterization of Phytopythium species during 2010-2012. All five isolates used throughout this study were identified as Phytopythium vexans (de Bary) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque 2014 based on ITS gen sequences. Colony patterns and radial growth study of isolates were performed on different media and subsequently their microscobic structures were identifıed. It was determined that Phytopythium vexans could cause wilting canopy, rotting of root and crown of apricot trees, which was the reason for economic damage in apricot orchards.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ITS Region,Pathogenicity,PCR,Phytopythium spp. Radial Growth

Kaynakça

1. Anonim, (2016) Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Erişim tarihi: 17.06.2016, 20:43)
2. Cooke, D.E.L., Drenth, A., Duncan, J.M., Wagels, G., Brasier, C.M., (2000) A moleculer phylogeny of Phytophthora and related Oomycetes. Fungal Genetics and Biology 30:17-32.
3. Erwin, D. C. and Ribeiro, O. K., (1996) Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota. 562s.
4. de Cock, A.W.A.M., Lodhi, A.M., Rintoul, T.L., Bala, K., Robideau, G.P., Abad, Z.G., Coffey, M.D., Shahzad, S., and Levesque, C.A. (2014) Phytopythium: molecular phylogeny and systematics. Persoonia 34: 25-39.
5. Dervis, S., Soylu, S., Serce, C. (2014) Corm and root rot of Colocasia esculenta caused by Ovatisporangium vesans and Rhizoctonia solani. Romanian Biotechnological Letters 19(6):9868–9874.
6. Duncan, J. ve Cooke, D. (2002) Identifying, diagnosing and detecting Phytophthora by moleculer methods. Mycologist 16:59-66.
7. Hendrix,F. F. ve Campbell, W. A. (1973) Phytopythiums as plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 11: 77–98.
8. Jeffers, S. N., Martin, S. B. (1986) Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Phytopythium species. Plant Disease 70(11): 1038–1043.

9. Levesque, C. A. and De Cock, W. A. M. (2004) Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Phytopythium. Mycol. Res. 108 (12): 1363–1383.
10. Mazzola, M., Andrews, P. K., Reganold, J. P., Lévesque, C. A. (2002). Frequency, virulence, and metalaxyl sensitivity of Phytopythium spp. isolated from apple roots under conventional and organic production systems. Plant Disease 86:669-675.
11. Mcleod, A. l., Botha, W. J., Meitz, J. C., Spies, C. F. J., Tewoldemedhin, Y. T., Mostert, L. (2009) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Phytopythium species in South Africa. Mycological Research 113:933–951.
12. Mircetich, S. M. (1970) The Role of Phytopythium in Feeder Roots of Diseased and Symptomless Peach Trees and in Orchard Soils in Peach Tree Decline. Phytopathology 61:357-360.
13. Nakova, M. (2010) Monitoring of Phytophthora species on fruit trees in Bulgaria. European Journal of Plant Pathology 128:517-525
14. Schroeder, K. L., Martin, F. N., Lévesque, C. A., Spies, C. F. J., Okubara, P. A., Paulitz, T. C. (2013) Molecular Detection and Quantification of Phytopythium Species:Evolving Taxonomy, New Tools, and Challenges. Plant Disease 97(1): 4–20.
15. Souli, M., Boughalleb, N., Campo, P. A., Alvarez, L. A., Sierr, A. P., Armengol, J., Jime´nez, J. G. (2011) First Report of Phytopythium indigoferae and P. irregulare Associated to Apple Trees Decline in Tunisia. J. Phytopathology 159:352–357.
16. Spies, C. F. J., Mazzola, M., McLeod, A. (2011) Characterisation and detection of Phytopythium and Phytophthora species associated with grapevines in South Africa. Eur. J. Plant Pathology 131:103–119.
17. Paul, B. (2000) ITS1 region of the rDNA of Phytopythium megacarpum sp. nov., its taxonomy, and its comparison with related species. FEMS Microbiology Letters 186: 229–233.
18. Tao, Y., Zeng, F., Ho, H., Wei, J., Wu, Y., Yang, L., He, Y. (2011) Phytopythium vexans Causing Stem Rot of Dendrobium in Yunnan Province, China. J. Phytopathology 159:255–259.
19. Tewoldemedhin, Y. T., Mazzola, M., Botha, W. J., Spies, C. J., McLeod, A. (2011) Characterization of fungi (Fusarium and Rhizoctonia) and oomycetes (Phytophthora and Phytopythium) associated with apple orchards in South Africa. Eur. J. Plant Pathology 130:215–229.
20. Uzuhashi, S., Tojo, M., Kakishima, M. (2010) Phylogeny of the genus Phytopythium and description of new genera. Mycoscience 51:337–365.
21. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. (Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, Editörler). Academic Press, New York, USA:315–322.
22. Yang, J., Ruegger, P. M., McKenry, M. V., Becker, J. O., Borneman,J. (2012) Correlations between Root-Associated Microorganisms and Peach Replant Disease Symptoms in a California Soil. Plos One 7(10):1–10.
23. Zeng, H. C., Ho, H. H., Zheng, F. C. (2005) Phytopythium vexans causing patch canker of rubber trees on Hainan Island, China. Mycopathologia 159: 601–606.