Araştırma Makalesi
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Hıristiyan Erken Döneminde Kilise Babalarının Kilise Hakkındaki Temel Görüşleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 61, 519 - 542, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.15745/da.987859

Öz

Kilise, Hıristiyan ilahiyatının temel kavramlarından biridir. Günümüzde Hıristiyan geleneğinde “vaftizli ve aynı temel Hıristiyan değerlerini benimsemiş insanların oluşturduğu cemaat veya topluluk” şeklinde tanımlanma imkânı olan kilise kavramının köklerinin Eski Ahit’te olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Kilise kavramının tarih boyunca farklı kullanımları olmuştur. Kavram, Hıristiyanlığın ortaya çıkışıyla birlikte bu dine mensup kişilerin oluşturduğu topluluğu tanımlamada kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Hıristiyanlığın erken dönemlerinden itibaren kilise kavramı hakkında, “kilise babası” adı verilen ve dini meselelerde otorite oldukları kabul edilen kişiler tarafından pek çok eser kaleme alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda makalede, kilise babaları tarafından kaleme alınmış eserlerin İngilizce çevirilerinden ve kendilerini konu alan çalışmalardan faydalanılarak kilise kavramına yaklaşımları incelenmiştir. Onların kilise kavramı hakkındaki görüşleri arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları, bunların nedenlerini, konuyu açıklarken önem verdikleri noktaları ve vaftiz hakkındaki görüşlerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Deskriptif yöntemin kullanıldığı makalede kilise babalarının kilise kavramı etrafında şekillenen görüşleri ortaya konduktan sonra bunlar hakkında analiz ve tespitler yapılmıştır. Bu tespit ve analizlerde kültürel, tarihsel ve dönemsel şartların yanında kilise babalarının şahsi özelliklerinin kilise kavramının tanımlanmasında ne denli etkili olduğu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Teşekkür

İlginiz için teşekkür ederim. Saygılar, iyi çalışmalar.

Kaynakça

  • Aland, Kurt. “Montanism”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 9/6167-6168. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Bevenot, M. “Cyprian, S.T.”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 4/457-4604. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Banchich, Thomas. “Neighbor-Christology: Reconstructing Christianity Before Supersessionism”. CrossCurrents 49/3 (1999), 319-348.
  • Burns Jr, J. Patout. Cyprian the Bishop. London: Routledge, 2002.
  • Chadwick, H. “Justin Martyr, St”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 8/93-95. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Christou, Panagiotis C. “Cyprian”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 3/2112-2114. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Clark, Elizabeth A. “Clement of Alexandria”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 3/1822-1824. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Coenen, L. “Church, Synagogue”. The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. ed. Colin Brown. 1/291-307. Michigan: Regency Reference Library, 1975.
  • Coxe, A. Cleveland (ed). Fathers of The Second Century: Hermas, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus and Clement of Alexandria. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co, 1885.
  • Coxe, A. Cleveland (ed). Fathers of The Third Century: Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Commodian, Origen, Parts First And Second. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co, 1885.
  • Crampton, W. Gary - Bacon, Richard E. Built Upon Rock: A Study of The Doctrine of The Church. Texas: Blue Banner Books, 2000.
  • Crehan, J. H. “Apologists, Greek”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berar L. Marthaler. 1/567-568. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Crouzel, Henri. “Origen”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 10/6887-6890. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Cyprian, St. St. Cyprian Letters 1-81. çev. Sister Rose Bernard Donna C.S.J. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1981.
  • Cyprian, St. St. Cyprian Treatises. çev. Roy J. Deferrari. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2007.
  • D’ambrosio, Marcellino. When The Church Was Young. USA: Servant Books, 2014.
  • Danielou, Jean. Origen. New York: Sheed And Ward, 1955.
  • Danielou, Jean. From Shadows to Reality. London: Burns and Oates, 1960.
  • Danielou, Jean. Gospel Message and Hellenistic Culture. London: Darton Longman & Todd, 1973.
  • Deighton, Hilary J. Atina Yaşantısında Bir Gün. çev. Hande Kökten Ersoy. İstanbul: Homer, 2005.
  • Dunn, Geoffrey D. Tertullian. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Fedou, SJ. Michel. The Fathers of The Church In Christian Theology. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2019.
  • Hinson, E. Glenn. “Justin Martyr”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 7/5043-5045. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Hinson, E. Glenn. “Tertullian”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 13/9085-9087. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Hitchcock, F. R. Montgomery. Clement of Alexandria. New York: J. B. Young & CO, 1899.
  • Kaçar, Turhan. Geç Antikçağ’da Hıristiyanlık. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat, 2015.
  • Katolik Kilisesi Din ve Ahlak İlkeleri. çev. Dominik Pamir. İstanbul: Yaylacık, 2000.
  • Kitabı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1974.
  • Kuhn, Ulrich. “Church”. Encyclopedia of Christian Theology. ed. Jean-Yves Lacoste. 1/300-310. London-New York: Routledge, 2005.
  • L. Gonzalez, Justo. The Story of Christianity Volume One. PDF: HarperCollins e-books, 2010.
  • Le Saint, W. “Tertullian”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 13/834-838. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Ledegang, F. “Baptism”. The Westminster Handbook to Origen. ed. John Anthony McGuckin. 68-70. London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.
  • Livingstone, E. A. (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of The Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  • Mansel, Arif Müfid. Ege ve Yunan Tarihi. Ankara: TTK, 1999.
  • Martyr, St. Justin. Writings of Saint Justin Martyr. çev. Thomas B. Falls. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 2008.
  • Mcbrien, Richard P. Catholicism. USA: HarperOne, 2013.
  • Mcgrath, Alister E. Christian Theology: An Introduction. UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2011.
  • Olson, Roger E. Hıristiyan İlahiyatının Hikayesi- Gelenek ve Reformun Yirmi Yüzyılı. çev. Ken Wiest. İstanbul: Haberci, 2020.
  • Origen. Origen Song of Songs Commentary And Homilies. çev. R. P. Lawson. London: The Newman Press, 1957.
  • Osborn, Eric. Tertullian, First Theologian of The West. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  • Osborn, Eric. Clement of Alexandria. USA: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Rankin, David Ivan. Tertullian And The Church. USA: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  • Rankin, David Ivan. From Clement to Origen. England: Ashgate, 2006.
  • Richter, Gisela. Yunan Sanatı. çev, Beral Madra. İstanbul: Cem, 1979.
  • Rusch, William G. “Church”. The Westminster Handbook to Origen. ed. John Anthony McGuckin. 78-80. London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.
  • Spanneut, M. “Clement of Alexandria”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 3/797-799. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Şahin, Nadide. Origen (Hayatı, Eserleri ve Hıristiyan İlahiyatının Şekillenmesindeki Rolü). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2018.
  • Tertullian. Apologetic And Practical Treatises Vol 1, çev, Rev. C. Dodgson, M.A. London: Oxford-John Henry Parker, 1842.
  • Verbrugge, Verlyn D. “Origen’s Ecclesiology and the Biblical Metaphor of the Church As the Body of Christ”. Origen of Alexandria His World and His Legacy. ed. Charles Kennengiesser - William L. Petersen. 277-294. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.
  • Yarnold, E. “Catechumenate”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 3/249-254. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Yılmaz, Nuh. “Tertullian’ın Vaftiz Anlayışı”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 17/31 (2015), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.219898.
  • Yılmaz, Nuh. Tertullian’ın Kristolojisi. Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2018.

Basic Views of the Church Fathers on the Church in the Early Christian Period

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 61, 519 - 542, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.15745/da.987859

Öz

Church is one of the fundamental terms of Christian theology. It is accepted that the roots of the concept of the church, defined today as “the congregation or community of people who are baptized and adopt the same basic Christian values” are in the Old Testament. The concept of the church has had different usages throughout history. With the emergence of Christianity, the concept began to be used to describe the community of people belonging to this religion. From early Christianity, much has been written down about the concept of the church by people called “church fathers” considered to be authorities on religious matters. In this context, in this article, their approaches to the concept of the church have been examined by using the English translations of the works written by the church fathers and the studies on them. It is aimed to reveal the similarities and differences between their views on the concept of the church, their reasons, the points they attach importance while explaining the subject and their views on baptism. In the article in which the descriptive method is used, after the opinions of the church fathers shaped around the concept of the church are revealed, analysis and determinations have been made about them. In these determinations and analyzes, it is tried to explain how the personal characteristics of the church fathers as well as the cultural, historical, and periodical conditions are affective in the definition of the concept of the church.

Kaynakça

  • Aland, Kurt. “Montanism”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 9/6167-6168. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Bevenot, M. “Cyprian, S.T.”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 4/457-4604. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Banchich, Thomas. “Neighbor-Christology: Reconstructing Christianity Before Supersessionism”. CrossCurrents 49/3 (1999), 319-348.
  • Burns Jr, J. Patout. Cyprian the Bishop. London: Routledge, 2002.
  • Chadwick, H. “Justin Martyr, St”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 8/93-95. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Christou, Panagiotis C. “Cyprian”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 3/2112-2114. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Clark, Elizabeth A. “Clement of Alexandria”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 3/1822-1824. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Coenen, L. “Church, Synagogue”. The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. ed. Colin Brown. 1/291-307. Michigan: Regency Reference Library, 1975.
  • Coxe, A. Cleveland (ed). Fathers of The Second Century: Hermas, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus and Clement of Alexandria. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co, 1885.
  • Coxe, A. Cleveland (ed). Fathers of The Third Century: Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Commodian, Origen, Parts First And Second. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co, 1885.
  • Crampton, W. Gary - Bacon, Richard E. Built Upon Rock: A Study of The Doctrine of The Church. Texas: Blue Banner Books, 2000.
  • Crehan, J. H. “Apologists, Greek”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berar L. Marthaler. 1/567-568. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Crouzel, Henri. “Origen”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 10/6887-6890. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Cyprian, St. St. Cyprian Letters 1-81. çev. Sister Rose Bernard Donna C.S.J. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1981.
  • Cyprian, St. St. Cyprian Treatises. çev. Roy J. Deferrari. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2007.
  • D’ambrosio, Marcellino. When The Church Was Young. USA: Servant Books, 2014.
  • Danielou, Jean. Origen. New York: Sheed And Ward, 1955.
  • Danielou, Jean. From Shadows to Reality. London: Burns and Oates, 1960.
  • Danielou, Jean. Gospel Message and Hellenistic Culture. London: Darton Longman & Todd, 1973.
  • Deighton, Hilary J. Atina Yaşantısında Bir Gün. çev. Hande Kökten Ersoy. İstanbul: Homer, 2005.
  • Dunn, Geoffrey D. Tertullian. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Fedou, SJ. Michel. The Fathers of The Church In Christian Theology. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2019.
  • Hinson, E. Glenn. “Justin Martyr”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 7/5043-5045. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Hinson, E. Glenn. “Tertullian”. Encyclopedia of Religion. ed. Lindsay Jones. 13/9085-9087. USA: Thomson Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2005.
  • Hitchcock, F. R. Montgomery. Clement of Alexandria. New York: J. B. Young & CO, 1899.
  • Kaçar, Turhan. Geç Antikçağ’da Hıristiyanlık. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat, 2015.
  • Katolik Kilisesi Din ve Ahlak İlkeleri. çev. Dominik Pamir. İstanbul: Yaylacık, 2000.
  • Kitabı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1974.
  • Kuhn, Ulrich. “Church”. Encyclopedia of Christian Theology. ed. Jean-Yves Lacoste. 1/300-310. London-New York: Routledge, 2005.
  • L. Gonzalez, Justo. The Story of Christianity Volume One. PDF: HarperCollins e-books, 2010.
  • Le Saint, W. “Tertullian”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 13/834-838. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Ledegang, F. “Baptism”. The Westminster Handbook to Origen. ed. John Anthony McGuckin. 68-70. London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.
  • Livingstone, E. A. (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of The Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  • Mansel, Arif Müfid. Ege ve Yunan Tarihi. Ankara: TTK, 1999.
  • Martyr, St. Justin. Writings of Saint Justin Martyr. çev. Thomas B. Falls. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 2008.
  • Mcbrien, Richard P. Catholicism. USA: HarperOne, 2013.
  • Mcgrath, Alister E. Christian Theology: An Introduction. UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2011.
  • Olson, Roger E. Hıristiyan İlahiyatının Hikayesi- Gelenek ve Reformun Yirmi Yüzyılı. çev. Ken Wiest. İstanbul: Haberci, 2020.
  • Origen. Origen Song of Songs Commentary And Homilies. çev. R. P. Lawson. London: The Newman Press, 1957.
  • Osborn, Eric. Tertullian, First Theologian of The West. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  • Osborn, Eric. Clement of Alexandria. USA: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Rankin, David Ivan. Tertullian And The Church. USA: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  • Rankin, David Ivan. From Clement to Origen. England: Ashgate, 2006.
  • Richter, Gisela. Yunan Sanatı. çev, Beral Madra. İstanbul: Cem, 1979.
  • Rusch, William G. “Church”. The Westminster Handbook to Origen. ed. John Anthony McGuckin. 78-80. London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.
  • Spanneut, M. “Clement of Alexandria”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 3/797-799. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Şahin, Nadide. Origen (Hayatı, Eserleri ve Hıristiyan İlahiyatının Şekillenmesindeki Rolü). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2018.
  • Tertullian. Apologetic And Practical Treatises Vol 1, çev, Rev. C. Dodgson, M.A. London: Oxford-John Henry Parker, 1842.
  • Verbrugge, Verlyn D. “Origen’s Ecclesiology and the Biblical Metaphor of the Church As the Body of Christ”. Origen of Alexandria His World and His Legacy. ed. Charles Kennengiesser - William L. Petersen. 277-294. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.
  • Yarnold, E. “Catechumenate”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. 3/249-254. USA: Gale, 2nd. Edition, 2003.
  • Yılmaz, Nuh. “Tertullian’ın Vaftiz Anlayışı”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 17/31 (2015), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.219898.
  • Yılmaz, Nuh. Tertullian’ın Kristolojisi. Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2018.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mustafa Güre 0000-0003-2900-0613

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Güre, Mustafa. “Hıristiyan Erken Döneminde Kilise Babalarının Kilise Hakkındaki Temel Görüşleri”. Dini Araştırmalar 24/61 (Aralık 2021), 519-542. https://doi.org/10.15745/da.987859.