Effect of Drought and Heat Wave on Agricultural Production

Öz

As the effects of anthropogenic climate change, the frequency and severity of heat waves and drought are increasing day by day in many parts of the world. Droughts and heat waves are often interrelated disasters. Prolonged heat waves often cause drought to occur and/or exacerbate existing drought. These types of disasters cause great losses and damages especially in agricultural production. In this study; By examining the examples of drought and heat wave disasters in different parts of the world, the effects of these disaster types on agricultural production have been tried to be explained. Within the scope of this study, disaster reports, magazines, books and internet news were examined. According to the data obtained; It was determined that crop production, animal production, natural resources, human capital and economy were negatively affected. It has been observed that especially yield and product loss are experienced in cultivated products. It has been determined that there are situations such as a decrease in the yield of fresh grass in the pasture areas and the disappearance of the pasture areas. Losses in cultivated crops for forage crops and fresh grass in pasture areas cause an increase in feed prices and serious problems in feed supply. The increase in feed prices and the problems experienced in the supply of feed cause yield loss in animal products and a decrease in the number of animals fed. Economically, it has been determined that there are effects such as price increase, production cost increase, and decrease in exports.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Drought
• Drought and Agriculture
• Heat Waves
• Agricultural Production

Kuraklık ve Sıcak Hava Dalgasının Tarımsal Üretim Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Antropojenik iklim değişikliğinin etkileri olarak, Dünya’nın birçok yerinde sıcak hava dalgalarının ve kuraklığın sıklığı ve şiddeti gün geçtikte artmaktadır. Kuraklık ve sıcak hava dalgaları genellikle birbiriyle bağlantılı afetlerdir. Uzun süreli sıcak hava dalgaları, genellikle kuraklığın oluşmasına ve/veya var olan kuraklığın şiddetinin artırmasına neden olur. Bu afet tipleri özellikle tarımsal üretimde büyük kayıp ve zararlara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Dünya’nın farklı bölgelerinde yaşanmış kuraklık ve sıcak hava dalgası afetlerinden örnekler incelenerek, bu afet tiplerinin tarımsal üretime etkileri açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında afet raporları, dergiler, kitaplar ve internet haberleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre; bitkisel üretim, hayvansal üretim, doğal kaynak, beşeri sermaye ve ekonominin olumsuz etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Ekili ürünlerde, özellikle verim ve ürün kaybının yaşandığı görülmüştür. Mera alanlarında taze ot veriminde azalma ve mera alanlarının yok olması gibi durumların yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Yem bitkilerine yönelik ekili ürünlerde ve mera alanlarında taze otlarda yaşanan kayıplar, yem fiyatlarında artışa ve yem tedarikinde ciddi sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Yem fiyatlarındaki artış ve yem temininde yaşan sorunlar ise hayvansal ürünlerde verim kaybı ve beslenen hayvan sayısının azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Ekonomik olarak ise, fiyat artışı, üretim maliyeti artışı, ihracatta azalma gibi etkilerin yaşandığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kuraklık
• Kuraklık ve Tarım
• Sıcak Hava Dalgaları
• Tarımsal Üretim

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