Current Situation Analysis and Evaluation of Appropriate Performance Indicators with Web Based Calculation Tool for Water and Sewerage Administrations

Öz

Water utilities should regularly monitor and control non-revenue water performance to manage water losses and maintain uninterrupted water services. Effective and sustainable water loss management is crucial for ensuring water, energy and financial efficiency in drinking water distribution systems. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the water loss management components, analyze the current situation with a realistic approach, and identify the weaknesses and strengths of the administrations and the potential risks they may encounter through the web-based software developed in this study. In this context, in the study, firstly, the current situation components, which express the competence of the administration in terms of personnel, technique, equipment and financials, are analyzed with the 6-stage original scoring matrix developed from 0 to 5 within the scope of the study, reliable and quality data are obtained, and then the three modules work dynamically in an integrated way with each other so that the analysis of measurable, applicable and comparable performance indicators is done systematically. Thus, priority areas that need improvement are identified, short-medium and long-term realistic and achievable targets are defined, and the gap analysis of the administrations is provided with the developed modules. In order to reduce and control the water loss rate and to improve the system performance, the most appropriate indicators and processes are determined by considering the current situation and targets of the administrations. The developed water loss management tool represents the field and provides a holistic approach, taking into account the economic components. At the same time, this tool allows for processes to be carried out quickly and systematically, and provides efficient analysis in water loss reduction activities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Water Loss Management
• Current Condition Assessment
• Performance Evaluation
• Calculation Tool

Su ve Kanalizasyon İdareleri için Mevcut Durum Analizi ile Uygun Performans Göstergelerinin Web Tabanlı Hesaplama Aracı ile Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Su idareleri, su kayıplarını yönetmek ve su hizmetlerini kesintisiz bir şekilde sürdürebilmek için gelir getirmeyen su performansını düzenli izlemeli ve kontrol altına almalıdır. Etkin ve sürdürülebilir su kayıp yönetimi, içme suyu dağıtım sistemlerinde su, enerji ve finansal verimliliğin sağlanması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada geliştirilen web tabanlı yazılım aracılığıyla su kayıp yönetimi bileşenlerinin değerlendirilmesi, gerçekçi bir yaklaşım ile mevcut durum analiz edilmesi ve idarelerin zayıf ve güçlü yönleri ile karşılaşabilecekleri potansiyel riskler tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada öncelikle idarenin personel, teknik, ekipman ve finansal açıdan yeterliliğini ifade eden mevcut durum bileşenleri çalışma kapsamında 0’dan 5’e kadar geliştirilen 6 kademeli özgün puanlandırma matrisi ile analiz edilmekte, güvenilir ve kaliteli olan veriler elde edilmekte ve sonrasında ölçülebilir, uygulanabilir ve karşılaştırılabilir olan performans göstergelerinin analizi sistematik bir biçimde yapılacak şekilde üç modül birbiri ile entegre bir biçimde dinamik olarak çalışmaktadır. Böylece iyileştirilmesi gereken öncelikli alanlar tespit edilerek kısa-orta ve uzun vadeli gerçekçi ve ulaşılabilir hedefler tanımlanmakta, geliştirilen modüller ile idarelerin boşluk analizine fırsat tanınmaktadır. Su kayıp oranının azaltılması ve kontrol altına alınması ve sistem performansının iyileştirilmesi için, idarelerin mevcut durumu ve hedefleri göz önüne alınarak en uygun göstergeler ve süreç belirlenmektedir. Geliştirilen su kayıp yönetimi aracı sahayı temsil etmekte ve ekonomik bileşenleri de göz önünde bulundurarak bütüncül bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu araç işlemlerin hızlı ve sistematik bir şekilde yapılmasına olanak tanımakta ve su kaybı azaltma faaliyetlerinde verimli analizler yapılmasını sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Su Kayıp Yönetimi
• Mevcut Durum Analizi
• Performans Değerlendirme
• Hesaplama Aracı

Kaynakça

1. Al-Omari, A. (2013). A methodology for the breakdown of NRW into real and administrative losses. Water Resources Management, 27, 1913–1930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0262-y
2. Arregui, F. J., Cobacho, R., Soriano, J., & Jimenez-Redal, R. (2018). Calculation proposal for the economic level of apparent losses (ELAL) in a water supply system. Water, 10(12), Article 1809. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10121809
3. Berg, S. V. (2020). Performance assessment using key performance indicators (KPIs) for water utilities: a primer. Water Economics and Policy, 6(02), Article 2050001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X20500010
4. Bozkurt, C. (2022). Su kayıp yönetimi ve kontrolü için optimizasyon tabanlı en uygun strateji modelinin geliştirilmesi [Doktora tezi, Üniversitesi]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
5. Bozkurt, C., Firat, M., & Ates, A. (2022a). Development of a new comprehensive framework for the evaluation of leak management components and practices. AQUA-Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 71(5), 642–663. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.031
6. Bozkurt, C., Firat, M., Ateş, A. Yılmaz, S., & Özdemir, Ö. (2022b). Strategic water loss management: Current status and new model for future perspectives. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 40(2), 310–322. https://doi.org/10.14744/sigma.2022.00035
7. Bozkurt, C., Firat, M., Yilmaz, S., & Ates, A. (2022c). Development of current condition assessment and target definition model for water balance practices in sustainable water loss management. Water Supply, 22(5), 5028–5043. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.176
8. Cetrulo, T. B., Marques, R. C., & Malheiros, T. F. (2019). An analytical review of the efficiency of water and sanitation utilities in developing countries. Water Research, 161, 372–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.044

9. Chimene, C. (2013). Strategies and methods for apparent water loss management in developing countries a case study of Mozambique Catine António Chimene [MSc dissertation, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education)]. Repository IHE Delft Institute for Water Education. https://ihedelftrepository.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/masters1/id/42757/
10. De Paola, F., Fontana, N., Galdiero, E., Giugni, M., Degli Uberti, G.S., & Vitaletti, M. (2014). Optimal design of district metered areas in water distribution networks. Procedia Engineering, 70, 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.050
11. Dighade, R. R., Kadu, M. S., & Pande, A. M. (2014). Challenges in Water Loss Management of Water Distribution Systems in Developing Countries. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(6), 13838–13846.
12. Fırat, M., Orhan, C., Yılmaz, S., & Özdemir, Ö. (2021). Su idarelerinin su kayıp yönetim performansının analizi ve temel performans gösterge hesaplama aracının geliştirilmesi. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 7(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.784488
13. Franceschini, F., Galetto, M., Maisano, D., & Viticchi, L. (2006). The Condition of Uniqueness in Manufacturing Process Representation by Performance/Quality Indicators. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 22(5), 567–580. https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.762.
14. Gunawan, I., Schultmann, F., & Zarghami, S.A. (2017). The four Rs performance indicators of water distribution networks: A review of research literature. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 34, 720–732. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-11-2016-0203
15. Hu, Z., Tan, D., Chen, B., Chen, W., & Shen, D. (2021). Review of model-based and data-driven approaches for leak detection and location in water distribution systems. Water Supply, 21, 3282–3306. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.101
16. Lambert A. O. (2002). International Report: Water losses management and techniques. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 2(4), 1–20.
17. Loureiro, D., Beceiro, P., Moreira, M., Arranja, C., Cordeiro, D., & Alegre, H. (2023). A comprehensive performance assessment system for diagnosis and decision-support to improve water and energy efficiency and its demonstration in Portuguese collective irrigation systems. Agricultural Water Management, 275, Article 107998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107998
18. Maziotis, A., Molinos-Senante, M., Sala-Garrido, R., & Mocholí-Arce, M. (2023). Evaluation of dynamic eco-efficiency of water companies: the influence of non-revenue water and water supply interruptions. npj Clean Water, 6, Article 20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-023-00233-1
19. Mbuvi, D., De Witte, K., & Perelman, S. (2012). Urban water sector performance in Africa: A step-wise bias-corrected efficiency and effectiveness analysis. Utilities Policy, 22, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2012.02.004
20. Mukherjee, M., Chindarkar, N., & Grönwall, J. (2015). Non-revenue water and cost recovery in urban India: The case of Bangalore. Water Policy, 17, 484–501. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.304
21. Okeola, O. G., & Sule, B. F. (2012). Evaluation of management alternatives for urban water supply system using Multicriteria Decision Analysis. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 24(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2011.07.004
22. Pearson, D. (2019). Standard Definitions for Water Losses, Standard Definitions for Water Losses. IWA Publishing. https://doi.org/10.2166/9781789060881
23. Sala-Garrido, R., Mocholí-Arce, M., Maziotis, A., & Molinos-Senante, M. (2023). Benchmarking the performance of water companies for regulatory purposes to improve its sustainability. npj Clean Water, 6, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-022-00218-6
24. Sarı, Z. (2015). Veri zarflama analizi ve bir uygulama, [Yüksek lisans tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
25. Tourinho, M., Santos, P. R., Pinto, F. T., & Camanho, A. S. (2022). Performance assessment of water services in Brazilian municipalities: An integrated view of efficiency and access. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 79, Article 101139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101139
26. Tsitsifli, S., Kanakoudis, V., Kouziakis, C., Demetriou, G., & Lappos, S. (2017). Reducing non-revenue water in urban water distribution networks using DSS tools. Water Utility Journal, 16, 25-37.
27. Vilanova, M. R. N., & Balestieri, J. A. P. (2015). Modeling of hydraulic and energy efficiency indicators for water supply systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 540–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.024
28. Wyatt, A. S. (2010). Non-revenue water: financial model for optimal management in developing countries. RTI Press. https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2010.mr.0018.1006
29. Yazid, N.A.M., Zaini, N., Chelliapan, S., Othman, N.R.M., Albati, S., & Nasri, N.S. (2017). Economic and efficiency indicators in non-revenue water performance. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 8(10), 1419–1431.