Orman Yangını Sonrası Oluşan Hasarın ve Hava Kirletici Parametrelerin İzlenmesi: Çanakkale Yangını Örneği

Öz

Ormanlar, sahip olduğu biyoçeşitlilik ile sağladığı katkılar açısından yeryüzünün vazgeçilmez bir parçasıdır. Gezegenimizin üçte birine yayılmış durumda olan ormanları etkileyen en önemli faktörlerin başında yangınlar gelmektedir. Orman yangınları yeryüzündeki doğal afetler içerisinde neden oldukları yıkıcı etkiler ile öne çıkmakta, ayrıca çok önemli bir gaz ve aerosol kaynağı olarak nitelendirilmektedirler. Orman yangınlarının takibi, afet izleme ve önleme açısından son derece önemli bir durumdur. Son yıllarda yangınların takibinde sıklıkla kullanılmakta olan Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Uzaktan Algılama, veri toplama, analiz ve yorumlama bakımından öne çıkan yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışma, 22 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde Çanakkale’de meydana gelen ve 3 gün süren orman yangınının Sentinel–2 ve 5P uzaktan algılama görüntüleri ve CBS yardımıyla analizine odaklanmaktadır. Analizin sonuçları, yangından etkilenen toplam alanın 4191.93 hektara (ha) yayıldığını ve çok çeşitli Arazi Örtüsü / Kullanımı sınıflarını kapsadığını ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle, ormanlar ve tarım arazileri bu bölgede en belirgin hasarı görmüştür. Çalışmada ayrıca yangın sonrasında atmosfere yayılan kirletici maddelerin yoğunluğunu gösteren Aerosol indeks değeri ve Azot dioksit (NO2) hava kirliliği parametreleri izlenmiş ve uydu görüntüleri aracılığıyla konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Kaydedilen en yüksek NO2 konsantrasyonu yangının son günü olan 24 Ağustos’ta 0.02624702 mol/m² olarak tespit edilmiştir. Üç günlük toplam atmosfere yayılan NO2 değeri ise 0.06020184 mol/m² olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Görüntü İşleme
• Hava Kirletici Parametreleri
• Orman Yangını
• Sentinel–2 ve 5P

Monitoring Damage and Air Pollutant Parameters after Forest Fire: A Case Study of Çanakkale Fire

Öz

Forests are an indispensable part of the Earth in terms of their biodiversity and contributions. Fires are one of the most important factors affecting forests, which cover one third of our planet. Forest fires are among the most destructive natural disasters on Earth and are also a very important source of gases and aerosols. The monitoring of forest fires is extremely important for disaster monitoring and prevention. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, which have been widely used in fire monitoring in recent years, are prominent methods in terms of data collection, analysis and interpretation. This study focuses on the analysis of the forest fire that occurred in Çanakkale on August 22, 2023 and lasted for 3 days with the help of Sentinel-2 and 5P remote sensing images and GIS. The results of the analysis showed that the total area affected by the fire was 4191.93 hectares (ha) and covered a wide range of land cover/use classes. In particular, forests and agricultural lands were the most severely affected in this region. The aerosol index and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution parameters, which indicate the concentration of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere after the fire, were monitored and their concentrations determined from satellite imagery. The highest NO2 concentration recorded was 0.02624702 mol/m² on August 24, the last day of the fire. The total amount of NO2 emitted into the atmosphere for three days was determined to be 0.06020184 mol/m².

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Image Processing
• Air Pollutant Parameters
• Forest Fire
• Sentinel–2 and 5P

Kaynakça

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