Avrupa Birliği’nin Eko-Kent Yaklaşımı ve Türkiye Kentlerine Uygulanabilirliği Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Kentler günümüzde yaşanan çevresel, ekonomik ve toplumsal sorunlara kaynaklık etmenin yanı sıra, bu sorunlara yönelik çözümler üretilmesinde de aktif rol üstlenmektedir. Dünya'da kentleşme hızının en yüksek olduğu bölgelerden biri olan Avrupa Birliği’ndeki kentlerde söz konusu sorunların etkileri daha belirgin hale gelmektedir. Birlik tarafından belirlenen politikalar sonucunda iddialı dönüşüm süreçleri öncelikle Avrupa’daki kentlerde yaşanmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve çevrenin korunması konuları, her ne kadar 1992 tarihli Maastricht Anlaşması’ndan itibaren kentleşme politikalarının odağında yer alsa da 2019 yılında açıklanan Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı, bu politikalar açısından köklü bir dönüşümü beraberinde getirmiştir. Avrupa Birliği, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri doğrultusunda, kentleşme politikalarını dönüştürerek, ilk iklim-nötr kıta olma hedefi doğrultusunda Eko-kent yaklaşımını öne çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmada, AB’nin kentleşme politikaları, Eko-kent uygulamaları ve bu uygulamaların Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı çerçevesindeki rolü incelenmekte ve Eko-kent modelinin Türkiye bağlamında uygulanabilirliği değerlendirilerek, geleceğe yönelik öneriler sunulmaktadır. Çalışma, Eko-kent yaklaşımının sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya ve iklim dirençli kentleşmeye önemli katkılar sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. AB ile ticari ilişkileri, Yeşil Mutabakat’a uyum ve AB’ye adaylık süreci değerlendirildiğinde, Türkiye’nin kentleşme politikalarını Eko-kent yaklaşımı doğrultusunda şekillendirmesi, hem Yeşil Mutabakat’a uyum sürecini hem de net-sıfır emisyon ve yeşil kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmayı destekleyecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Kentleşme Politikaları
• Eko-kent
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı

An Assessment of the European Union’s Eco-City Approach and Its Applicability to Turkish Cities

Öz

Cities not only contribute to contemporary environmental, economic, and social challenges but also play an active role in developing solutions to these issues. In the European Union, one of the regions with the highest urbanization rates in the world, the effects of these challenges have become more pronounced. As a result of the policies set by the Union, ambitious transformation processes are primarily taking place in European cities. Although sustainable development and environmental protection have been at the core of urbanization policies since the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, the European Green Deal, announced in 2019, has brought about a fundamental transformation in these policies. In line with its objectives of combating climate change and achieving sustainable development, the European Union has restructured its urbanization policies and prioritized the Eco-city approach as part of its ambition to become the first climate-neutral continent. This study examines the European Union's urbanization policies, Eco-city practices, and their role within the European Green Deal while also assessing the applicability of the Eco-city model in the Turkish context and presenting future-oriented recommendations. The study demonstrates that the Eco-city approach makes significant contributions to sustainable development and climate-resilient urbanization. Considering Turkey's trade relations with the European Union, its Green Deal harmonization process, and its European Union candidacy, shaping urbanization policies in line with the Eco-city approach will support both Turkey’s adaptation to the Green Deal and its achievement of net-zero emissions and green development targets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Union
• Urbanization Policies
• Eco-city
• Sustainability
• The European Green Deal

Kaynakça

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