Biyokütleden Biyoetanol Üretimi için Uygulanan Ön Hazırlık İşlemleri

Öz

Biyoetanol, tüm dünyada kullanılan yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağıdır. Biyoetanol hem tek başına hem de benzinle çeşitli oranlarda karıştırılarak kullanılmaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olarak lignoselülozik biyokütlenin kullanılması, etanol üretiminde büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Biyoetanol üretiminde gıda maddelerinin kullanılması gıda fiyatlarında yükselmeye ve bazı sosyolojik problemlere neden olacaktır. Bu nedenle gıda maddelerinden elde edilen birinci nesil biyoetanol üretiminin yerini alacak, benzin fiyatlarıyla rekabet edebilecek ikinci nesil biyoetanol üretiminin gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Lignoselülozik hammadde kompleks selüloz, hemiselüloz ve lignin yapılarını içerir. Bu kompleks yapıların basit şeker bileşiklerine parçalanması gerekmektedir. Ancak bu şekilde daha basit ve kullanılabilir şeker bileşikleri elde edilebilir. Fermente edilebilir şekerlerin hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde hidrolize edilebilmesi için ön hazırlık işlemlerine ihtiyaç vardır. Ön hazırlık işlemleri fiziksel, fiziko kimyasal, kimyasal ve biyolojik yöntemler olmak üzere gruplandırılmaktadır. Ön işlemden geçen biyokütle, daha kolay biyolojik olarak parçalanmakta ve enzimlerin hammaddeye erişebilirliği artmaktadır. Seçilen ön hazırlık işlemlerinin çevre dostu, ucuz, etkili ve basit olması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyokütle,Biyoetanol,Ön Hazırlık İşlemleri

Pretreatment Methods for Producing Bioethanol from Biomass

Öz

Bioethanol is a renewable energy resource used in the whole world. Bioethanol can be used by itself or mixing with oil in different rates. Utilizing lignocellulose biomass as a renewable energy resource has a significant role on producing ethanol. Using food materials for producing bioethanol will cause increasing in food prices and some social problems. Because of this reason, we need to realize on producing second generation of bioethanol, which can replace the first-generation bioethanol produced from food materials and compete with oil prices. Lignocelluloses raw materials consist of complex cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin structures. These complex structures must be divided into simple sugar elements. There is a need for pretreatment methods for hydrolyzing fermented sugar in a fast and effective way. Pretreatment processes can be grouped as physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological methods. The biomass after pretreatment can be easily divided as biologically and thus, access of enzymes to raw materials accelerates. It is a significantly important matter for the selected pretreatment methods to be cheap, simple, effective and environmentally safe.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biomass,Bioethanol,Pretreatment

Kaynakça

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