Biyokütleden Biyoetanol Üretimi için Uygulanan Ön Hazırlık İşlemleri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 56 - 62, 31.01.2018

Sevgi Fersiz

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.368661

Öz

Biyoetanol, tüm dünyada
kullanılan yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağıdır. Biyoetanol hem tek başına hem
de benzinle çeşitli oranlarda karıştırılarak kullanılmaktadır. Yenilenebilir
enerji kaynağı olarak lignoselülozik biyokütlenin kullanılması, etanol
üretiminde büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Biyoetanol üretiminde gıda maddelerinin
kullanılması gıda fiyatlarında yükselmeye ve bazı sosyolojik problemlere neden
olacaktır. Bu nedenle gıda maddelerinden elde edilen birinci nesil biyoetanol
üretiminin yerini alacak, benzin fiyatlarıyla rekabet edebilecek ikinci nesil
biyoetanol üretiminin gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Lignoselülozik hammadde
kompleks selüloz, hemiselüloz ve lignin yapılarını içerir. Bu kompleks
yapıların basit şeker bileşiklerine parçalanması gerekmektedir. Ancak bu
şekilde daha basit ve kullanılabilir şeker bileşikleri elde edilebilir.
Fermente edilebilir şekerlerin hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde hidrolize
edilebilmesi için ön hazırlık işlemlerine ihtiyaç vardır. Ön hazırlık işlemleri
fiziksel, fiziko kimyasal, kimyasal ve biyolojik yöntemler olmak üzere gruplandırılmaktadır.
Ön işlemden geçen biyokütle, daha kolay biyolojik olarak parçalanmakta ve
enzimlerin hammaddeye erişebilirliği artmaktadır. Seçilen ön hazırlık işlemlerinin
çevre dostu, ucuz, etkili ve basit olması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyokütle , Biyoetanol , Ön Hazırlık İşlemleri

Pretreatment Methods for Producing Bioethanol from Biomass

Öz

Bioethanol
is a renewable energy resource used in the whole world. Bioethanol can be used by
itself or mixing with oil in different rates. Utilizing lignocellulose biomass
as a renewable energy resource has a significant role on producing ethanol. Using
food materials for producing bioethanol will cause increasing in food prices
and some social problems. Because of this reason, we need to realize on
producing second generation of bioethanol, which can replace the first-generation
bioethanol produced from food materials and compete with oil prices. Lignocelluloses
raw materials consist of complex cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin
structures. These complex structures must be divided into simple sugar
elements. There is a need for pretreatment methods for hydrolyzing fermented
sugar in a fast and effective way. Pretreatment processes can be grouped as
physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological methods. The biomass after pretreatment
can be easily divided as biologically and thus, access of enzymes to raw
materials accelerates. It is a significantly important matter for the selected
pretreatment methods to be cheap, simple, effective and environmentally safe.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biomass , Bioethanol , Pretreatment

Kaynakça

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