Bir Hastanede İç Hava Kalitesinin Araştırılması: Şanlıurfa’dan Örnek Bir Çalışma

Öz

Çoğu insan zamanlarının %80’ninden fazlasını iç ortamlarda geçirmektedir. Hastaneler, Türkiye'de önemli bir kamusal alandır. İnsanların hastanelere diğer kamusal alanlardan çok daha fazla gitmesi hastaneleri önemli bir kurum haline getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Şanlıurfa ilinde en çok hasta bakan hastanenin polikliniklerinde iç hava kalitesi araştırılmıştır. İç hava kalitesini belirleyen partikül madde (PM), CO, CO₂, sıcaklık ve bağıl nem iç hava kalitesini belirleyen parametreler olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçülen değerler WHO, ASHAE gibi uluslararası standartlarla karşılaştırıldığında PM_2.5 ve PM₁₀  konsantrasyonun her ikisinin de yüksek değerlerde olduğu poliklinikler sırasıyla genel cerrahi, üroloji, nöroloji, kalp servisi ve göz hastalıkları olarak belirlenmiştir. CO₂ insanlar tarafından solunum yoluyla yayılan bir iç hava kirleticisidir. Bu araştırmada CO₂ seviyesinin radyoloji, tomografi, röntgen, ortopedi polikliniği ve acil serviste ASHAE standartlarının altında olduğu bulunmuşken diğer polikliniklerde standartın üstünde ölçülmüştür. Sıcaklık ve bağıl nem değerleri tüm polikliniklerde standartlara uygun olmadığı, CO değerinin tüm polikliniklerde düşük olup standartları sağlamakta olduğu saptanmıştır. Yetersiz havalandırma, eksik temizlik, alçak tavan ve hasta sayısındaki fazlalık polikliniklerde standartların üzerinde değerlere sebep olan ana etmenler arasında olduğu düşünülmektedir. Eski yapılı hastanelerde, toz partikülleri, CO₂, sıcaklık ve bağıl nem polikliniklerde çalışanların ve hastaların sağlığı için risk oluşturabileceği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İç Hava Kalitesi,Partikül Madde (PM),Karbondioksit (CO2),Hastahane,İnsan Sağlığı,Şanlıurfa

Investigation of Indoor Air Quality in a Hospital: A Case Study from Şanlıurfa, Turkey

Öz

Most people spent more than %80 of their time indoors. In Turkey, hospitals are prominent governmental places. Its importance becomes from more visits than others. An investigation about the interior air quality across the polyclinics of one of the most visited hospital of Şanlıurfa, Turkey, was conducted in this study. Indoor air quality in terms of PM, CO, CO₂, temperature and relative humidity was investigated. The performed measurements were revealed that the levels of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in surgery, urology, neurology, heart surgeon and eye diseases polyclinic were higher than the threshold limits in international standards set by WHO and ASHAE. CO₂, a surrogate for indoor pollutants emitted by humans. In this research, CO₂ was found to be under the standards in radiology, tomography, X-ray, orthopedics polyclinics and emergency services. Conversely, it was measured above the standards across the other polyclinics. Temperature and relative humidity were found unsuitable; CO was found to meet the standards. The significantly high rates were considered as a result of inadequate ventilation, lack of proper cleaning, low ceiling and crowd of patients. The old age of the building could create risk of dust particles, CO₂, temperature, humidity in the hospital for the health of the staff and patients visiting the polyclinics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Indoor Air Quality (IAQ),Particulate Matter (PM),Carbon Dioxide (CO2),Hospital,Human Health,Şanlıurfa

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