İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü ve Uluslararası Af Örgütü Perspektifinden Xı Jınpıng Döneminde Çin’de İnsan Hakları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 66 - 96, 22.01.2019

Habibe Kara

Öz

Yükselen bir küresel güç olarak Çin, son 40 yılda hızlı bir modernleşme ve önemli ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel değişimlere sahne olmuştur. Öte yandan, Çin, insan hakları alanında, eşit oranda bir gelişme gösterememiştir. Her ne kadar temel insan hakları ilkeleri, Anayasa’da açıkça tanımlanmış olsa da Çin Hükümeti bu ilkeleri uygulamada başarısız olmuştur. Bu makalede, Xi liderliğindeki Çin’in insan hakları sicili, İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü (HRW) ve Uluslararası Af Örgütü (AI)’nün rapor ve haberleri incelenerek, adı geçen örgütlerin bakış açısından ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, makalede, Xi JinPing'in bazı reformlar gerçekleştirmiş olmasına rağmen, kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı, ifade özgürlüğü, düşünce, din ve vicdan özgürlüğü üzerindeki baskıcı politikaları ve Tibet ve Sincan’daki insan hakları ihlalleri nedeniyle, insan hakları örgütleri tarafından ağır bir şekilde eleştirildiğini ortaya konmaktadır. İnsan hakları örgütleri tarafından, ayrıca, Çin Hükümeti’nin güvenlik ve istikrar sağlamak amacıyla, ülkedeki etnik azınlıklara yönelik olarak ayrımcı ve baskıcı politikalar izlediği savunulmakta, böylelikle Çin’deki insan hakları durumunun ne Çin Anayasası ile ne de Çin'in taraf olduğu uluslararası sözleşmelerle bağdaşmadığı ileri sürülmektedir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çin, Xi JinPing, insan hakları, İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü, Uluslararası Af Örgütü, ifade özgürlüğü, azınlık hakları

Human Rights in China In The Xi Jinping Era: From The Perspective of Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International

Öz

China as a rising global power has realized a rapid modernization and significant economic, social and political changes in the last four decades. However, its development in the field of human rights has not been at an equal rate. While fundamental human rights principles have been explicitly identified in the Constitution, the Chinese government has failed to implement those principles. In this article, China’s human rights record during the leadership of Xi has been examined from the perspective of international human rights organisations, namely Human Rights Watch (HRW) and Amnesty International (AI) by addressing their reports and news. In this context, the article reveals that although Xi JinPing has made some reforms, he has been seriously criticised by human rights organisations regarding his suppressing policies on right to liberty and security, freedom of expression, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, and human rights violations in Tibet and Xinjiang. It has been also argued that he has adopted discriminative and repressive policies regarding the ethnic minorities in the country to assure stability and security. Therefore, the human rights situation in China is incompatible with both the Constitution and international conventions which China is party to.

Anahtar Kelimeler

China, Xi JinPing, Human rights, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, freedom of expression, minority rights

Kaynakça

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