THE TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACT OF THE DECLARATION OF THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE ON FISHERIES REGIMES AND VARIOUS SAMPLES: JAPAN, CHINA, AND NORWAY

Öz

High seas fishing constitutes a significant share of the economic resources for today’s nation-states. The rapid progress of the Industrial Revolution and technological advancements, which enabled the construction of ships operating on the high seas, led to the rapid development of this type of fishing. Fishing activities, freely carried out by many countries along their coastlines and on the high seas during a period without any international legal framework on maritime affairs, began to be restricted after World War II. In particular, the increasing decline in fish populations and environmental problems resulting from overfishing in many countries initiated legal studies in this area. In this context, significant progress was made with the signing of the Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea in 1958 and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982. With the delimitation of the exclusive economic zones of states, it was aimed to prevent illegal fishing activities. In this context, studies on fisheries in the field of international law will be examined, and practices in important industrial fishing countries such as Norway, China, and Japan will be investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• High Seas Fisheries
• 1958 Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea
• 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
• International Law
• Norway Japan China

Teşekkür

This study was prepared within the scope of project no. 123K388, funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) and conducted at Ankara University National Research Center for Maritime Law (DEHUKAM). We would like to express our gratitude to TÜBİTAK for its support to the project.

MÜNHASIR EKONOMİK BÖLGE İLANININ BALIKÇILIK REJİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ DÖNÜŞTÜRÜCÜ ETKİSİ VE ÇEŞİTLİ ÖRNEKLEMLER: JAPONYA, ÇİN VE NORVEÇ

Öz

Açık deniz balıkçılığı günümüz ulus-devletleri için ekonomik kaynaklar içerisinde önemli bir paya sahiptir. Endüstri Devrimi’nin hızla ilerlemesi ve teknolojik gelişmeler sayesinde açık denizlerde faaliyet gösteren gemilerin inşa edilmesi bu balıkçılık türünün hızla gelişmesine neden olmuştur. Uluslararası anlamda denizcilik üzerine herhangi bir hukuki metnin olmadığı dönemde birçok ülkenin kıyı şeritleri ve açık denizlerde özgürce yürüttüğü balıkçılık faaliyetleri 2. Dünya Savaşı sonrası kısıtlanmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle birçok ülkenin aşırı avlanması sonucu balık popülasyonunun giderek azalması ve çevre sorunlarının artması bu alandaki hukuki çalışmaları başlatmıştır. Bu kapsamda, çalışmada 1958 yılında Cenevre Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmeleri ve 1982 yılında Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi’nin imzalanmasıyla önemli bir ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Devletlerin münhasır ekonomik bölgelerinin sınırlandırılmasıyla yasa dışı balıkçılık faaliyetlerinin önlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda uluslararası hukuk alanında balıkçılık üzerine yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek, Norveç, Çin ve Japonya gibi önemli endüstriyel balıkçı ülkelerindeki uygulama ve pratikler incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Açık Deniz Balıkçılığı
• 1958 Cenevre Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmeleri
• 1982 Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi
• Uluslararası Hukuk
• Norveç Japonya Çin

Etik Beyan

Çalışma tarafımca DEHUKAM'ın yürütmüş olduğu Türkiye’nin Dünya Denizlerindeki Canlı Kaynaklar Üzerinde Hak ve Yetkilerinin Araştırılması Projesi için hazırlanmıştır.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından desteklenen ve Ankara Üniversitesi Deniz Hukuku Ulusal Araştırma Merkezi (DEHUKAM) bünyesinde yürütülen 123K388 Numaralı proje kapsamında hazırlanmıştır. Projeye verdiği destekten ötürü TÜBİTAK’a teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

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