Telgraf Denklemleri ile Ray Devresi Denklemleri İlişkisi

Yıl 2022, , 128 - 138, 31.07.2022

Yasin Koçak

https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.1123901

Öz

1830 senesinde ticari olarak telgrafın kullanılması ile uzak mesafelere bilgi taşınmasında büyük zorluklar yaşanmıştır. İlk başlarda İngiltere ile Fransa arasında çekilen hat zamanla İngiltere-Amerika Birleşik Devletlerine kadar uzamıştır. Telgraf hattında kullanılan kabloların hammaddesi ve kesitleri ilk başlarda deneme yanılma yöntemleri ile oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Maxwell denklemlerinin bulunmasına istinaden 1800’ lü yılların sonlarına doğru Telgraf Denklemleri ortaya çıkmış olup haberleşme, bilgi iletimi ve benzeri transmisyon hatlarına ait denklemler Telgraf denklemlerinden türetilmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişmesine istinaden, seyrüsefer emniyeti dikkate alınarak tasarlanan Demiryolu taşımacılığı için, sinyalizasyon sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Demiryolu sinyalizasyon sisteminin faal bir parçası olan ray devreleri, aynı zamanda birer bilgi iletim hattı görevi görmektedir. Modülasyon ve sayısal anahtarlama yöntemlerinin gelişmesi ile ses frekanslı eksiz ray devreleri geliştirilmiş olup ray devresinin alıcı-verici frekansı yükselerek çevresel koşullardan daha az etkilenir hale gelmiştir. Bu makalede gerilim ve akım sızıntıları yönünden benzer olan Telgraf iletimi denklemleri ile demiryollarında kullanılan Ray devresinin bilgi iletimi incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Telgraf denklemleri, Sinyalizasyon, Ray devresi, Balast Direnci.

Teşekkür

TCDD 1. BÖLGE BAKIM SERVİS MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE TEŞEKKÜR EDERİM.

Relationship Between Telegraph Equations and Track Circuit Equations

Öz

With the use of the telegraph in 1830, great difficulties were experienced in conveying information over long distances. At first, the line drawn between England and France extended over time to England-United States. The raw materials and sections of the cables used in the telegraph line were initially tried to be created by trial and error methods. Based on the discovery of Maxwell's equations, Telegraph Equations emerged towards the end of the 1800s, and equations for communication, information transmission and similar transmission lines were derived from Telegraph equations. Based on the development of technology, signaling systems were needed for railway transportation, which was designed considering the safety of navigation. Track circuits, which are an active part of the railway signaling system, also serve as information transmission lines. With the development of modulation and digital switching methods, seamless track circuits with audio frequency have been developed and the transceiver frequency of the track circuit has increased and it has become less affected by environmental conditions. In this article, the telegraph transmission equations, which are similar in terms of voltage and current leakage, and the information transmission of the track circuit used in railways are examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Telegraph equations, Signaling, Rail circuit, Ballast Resistance.

Kaynakça

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