Seçilmiş Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin Demiryolu Yük Taşımacılığı Performans Değerlendirmesi: CRITIC ve ENTROPİ Tabanlı CODAS Yöntemi ile Bütünleşik Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Demiryolu taşımacılığı, düşük maliyet, enerji verimliliği ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik gibi avantajlarıyla önemli bir taşıma türüdür ve son yıllarda özellikle yük taşımacılığında yeniden önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışma, 2019–2023 yılları arasında seçilmiş Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin demiryolu yük taşımacılığı performansını karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, performans ölçümünde çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden nesnel değerlendirmeye dayalı çıktılar veren Entropi, CRITIC ve ortak ağırlıklandırma yöntemleriyle kriter ağırlıkları belirlenmiş, ardından iki farklı sıralama yöntemi olan SAW ve WPM yöntemlerini bütünleştirdiğinden dolayı CODAS yöntemi seçilerek ülkelerin sıralaması yapılmıştır. Analizde sekiz kriter kullanılmıştır ve ortak ağırlıklandırma sonuçlarına göre en önemli kriter, uluslararası taşınan konteyner hacmi olmuştur. Elde edilen sıralama sonuçlarına göre Almanya, demiryolu yük taşımacılığında en yüksek performansa sahip ülke olmuştur. Almanya’yı İtalya ve Polonya izlemiştir. Türkiye, son yıllarda artan altyapı yatırımlarına rağmen 10. sırada yer almış ve demiryolu yük taşımacılığı performans sıralamasında iyi bir sıralama elde edememiştir. Duyarlılık analizi, modelin tutarlılığını desteklemiş ve özellikle Almanya, İtalya, Polonya ve Fransa’nın sıralamalarında farklı eşik değerlerinde değişim gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, AB ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin demiryolu yük taşımacılığı performansını nesnel yöntemler üzerinden karşılaştırarak literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmakta ve politika yapıcılar için öneriler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Demiryolu yük taşımacılığı
• Çok kriterli karar verme
• ENTROPİ
• CRITIC
• CODAS

Performance Evaluation of Railway Freight Transport in Selected European Union Countries and Türkiye: An Integrated Approach Using the CRITIC and ENTROPY-Based CODAS Method

Öz

ail transport is an important mode of transport due to its advantages such as low cost, energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, and has regained importance in recent years, particularly in freight transport. This study aims to comparatively evaluate the rail freight transport performance of selected European Union (EU) countries and Türkiye between 2019 and 2023. In the study, criterion weights were determined using Entropy, CRITIC, and joint weighting methods, which are multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques that provide outputs based on objective evaluation in performance measurement. Subsequently, the CODAS method was selected for ranking countries, as it integrates two different ranking methods: SAW and WPM. Eight criteria were used in the analysis, and according to the joint weighting results, the most important criterion was the volume of internationally transported containers. Based on the ranking results obtained, Germany was the country with the highest performance in rail freight transport. Italy and Poland followed Germany. Despite increasing infrastructure investments in recent years, Türkiye ranked 10th and failed to achieve a good ranking in the rail freight transport performance ranking. Sensitivity analysis supported the consistency of the model, and no changes were observed in the rankings of Germany, Italy, Poland, and France at different threshold values. In conclusion, the study fills a gap in the literature by comparing the performance of rail freight transport in EU countries and Türkiye using objective methods, and provides recommendations for policymakers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rail freight transport
• Multi criteria decision making
• ENTROPY
• CRITIC
• CODAS

Kaynakça

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