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Haberleşme Tabanlı Tren Kontrolünün (CBTC) Otomatik Tren Korumasına (ATP) İlişkin Dağıtılmış-Hiyerarşik Kontrol Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 17, 66 - 81, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.1191856

Öz

Kentleşme ile birlikte metropollerde yaşayan insan sayısı artmaktadır, nüfus artışına paralel olarak şehir içi ulaşımda çok önemli bir yer tutan raylı ulaşım sistemlerine olan talep, kalabalık şehirlerde her geçen gün daha da artmaktadır.Artan talebe paralel olarak raylarda artacak trafik yoğunluğu, sinyalizasyon sistemlerini güvenlik, kapasite ve rayların verimine etkisi açısından oldukça önemli kılmaktadır. Günümüzde birçok raylı ulaşım sistemlerinde sinyalizasyon sistemi olarak Haberleşme Tabanlı Tren Kontrol (CBTC) tercih edilmektedir. CBTC, Otomatik Tren Koruması (ATP), Otomatik Tren Denetimi (ATS) ve Otomatik Tren İşletmesi (ATO) gibi bazı alt sistemlerden meydana gelmektedir. Alt sistemlerin kendine özgü tanımlanan bazı görevleri bulunmaktadır. Bu görevleri yerine getirirken, alt sistemlerden artan gereksinimlerden etkilenmeden, istenen emniyet fonksiyonlarını en üst düzeyde güvenle uygulaması beklenmektedir. Ancak, bu sistemlerin genel tasarımının, ihtiyaç duyulan yeni gereksinimlere göre değiştirilmesi gerekebilir. Bu bağlamda çeşitli standartların sağlarken, alt sistemlerin kontrol edilmesi ve modellenmeleri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, CBTC’nin alt sistemi ATP, ayrık olay sistemi yaklaşımıyla sonlu durum otomatları ile modellenmiştir ve alt sistemlere ait denetimsel gözetleyicilerin tasarımı yapılarak, kontrol edilebilirlik ve kilitlenmesiz kontrol koşullarını karşıladığı gösterilerek, elde edilen sonuçlar yekpare yaklaşım modeli ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • [1] H. Sümbül , A. Bogrek ve A. Tunçer , "Demiryolu ulaşım güvenliği için makinist uyarım sistemi kavramsal tasarımı ve simülasyonu", Demiryolu Mühendisliği, sayı. 14, ss. 1-13, Temmuz, 2021, doi:10.47072/demiryolu.832113
  • [2] R. Pascoe, T.Eichorn, “What is communication-based train control?,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 16-21, Aralık, 2009, doi: 10.1109/MVT.2009.934665
  • [3] T. Yüksel, Z. Öztürk, “A study on communications based train control (CBTC) system and its benefits,” in 4th International Symposium on Railway System Engineering-ISERSE, Karabük,Türkiye 2018.
  • [4] S. Jiang, R. Kumar, “Decentralized control of discrete event systems with specializations to local control and concurrent systems,” IEEE Transanctions on Systems Man and Cybernetics-Part B, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 653-660, Ekim, 2000, doi: 10.1109/3477.875442
  • [5] A.E.C. da Cunda, J.E.R. Cury, B.H. Krogh, “An assume-guarantee reasoning for hierarchical coordination of discrete event systems,” in 6th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, Zaragoza, İspanya, 2002.
  • [6] K.C. Wong, W.M. Wonham,“Hierarchical control of discrete event systems,” Discrete Event Dynamic Systems, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 241-273, Temmuz, 1996, doi: 10.1007/BF01797154.
  • [7] K. Schmidt, J. Reger, T. Moor, “A hierarchical architecture for nonblocking control of decentralized discrete event systems,” in IEEE International Federation of Automatic Control Workshop Discrete Event Systems, Reims, France, 2004.
  • [8] K. Schmidt, T. Moor, S. Perk, “Hierarchical control for structural decentralized des,” in 7th International Symposium on Mediterrean Conference on Control and Automation Intelligent Control, Limasol, Kıbrıs, 2005.
  • [9] X. Wang, T. Tang, S. Liu, “Study on modeling and verification of CBTC interlocking system,” in 5th International Conference on Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, Beijing, Çin, 2013.
  • [10] O. Kaymakci, V.G. Anik, I. Ustoglu, “A local modular supervisory controller for a real railway station,” in 5th International Conference on System Safety, Manchester, İngiltere, 2010.
  • [11] A.E. Haxthausen, J. Peleska, “Formal development and verfication of a distributed railway control system,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 687-701, Ağustos, 2000, doi: 10.1109/32.879808
  • [12] L.H. Vu, A.E. Haxthausen, J. Peleska, “Formal modelling and verification of interlocking systems featuring sequential release,” Science of Computer Programming, vol. 133, no. 2, pp. 91-115, Mayıs, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scico.2016.05.010
  • [13] J. Qian, J. Liu, X. Chen, J. Sun, “Modeling and verfication of zone controller: The SCADE experience in China’s railway systems,” in International Workshop on Complex Faults and Failures in Large Software Systems, Floransa, İtalya, 2015.
  • [14] J. Farooq and J. Soler, "Radio communication for communications-based train control (CBTC): A Tutorial and Survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1377-1402, Ocak, 2017, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2017.2661384.
  • [15] C. G. Cassandras, S. Lafortune, Introduction to Discrete Event Systems, USA: LLC/ Springer Science +Business Media, 2008
  • [16] S.H. Lee, K.C. Wong “Structural decentralized control of concurrent discrete event systems,” European Journal of Control, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 477-491, Aralık, 2002, doi: 10.3166/ejc.8.477-491
  • [17] H. Zhong, W.M. Wonham “On the consistency of hierarchical supervision in discrete event systems,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1125-1134, Ekim, 1990, doi: 10.1109/9.58555

Decentralized-Hierarchical Control Approach to Automatic Train Protection (ATP) of Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC)

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 17, 66 - 81, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.1191856

Öz

With urbanization, the number of people living in metropolises is increasing, parallel to population growth, the demand for rail transportation systems, which has a very important place in urban transportation, is increasing day by day in populous cities. The traffic density, which will increase in parallel with the increasing demand on rail, makes the signal systems very important in terms of their impact on rail safety, capacity and efficiency. Today, communication-based train control (CBTC) is the preferred signaling system in many rail transportation systems. CBTC consists of some subsystems such as Automatic Train Protection (ATP), Automatic Train Control (ATS) and Automatic Train Operation (ATO). The subsystems have some specific, defined tasks. In performing these tasks, it is expected that the desired safety functions will be implemented with the highest level of confidence without being compromised by the increasing requirements from the subsystems. Nevertheless, the overall design of these systems may require to be modified to meet the new necessities. In this case, it is of great importance to control and model the subsystems while considering different standards. In this study, the subsystem of CBTC, ATP, is modeled with finite state automata with the discrete event system approach, and the supervisory watchers of the subsystems are designed, shown to satisfy the controllability and nonlocking conditions, and the obtained results are matched with the model of the monolithic approach.

Kaynakça

  • [1] H. Sümbül , A. Bogrek ve A. Tunçer , "Demiryolu ulaşım güvenliği için makinist uyarım sistemi kavramsal tasarımı ve simülasyonu", Demiryolu Mühendisliği, sayı. 14, ss. 1-13, Temmuz, 2021, doi:10.47072/demiryolu.832113
  • [2] R. Pascoe, T.Eichorn, “What is communication-based train control?,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 16-21, Aralık, 2009, doi: 10.1109/MVT.2009.934665
  • [3] T. Yüksel, Z. Öztürk, “A study on communications based train control (CBTC) system and its benefits,” in 4th International Symposium on Railway System Engineering-ISERSE, Karabük,Türkiye 2018.
  • [4] S. Jiang, R. Kumar, “Decentralized control of discrete event systems with specializations to local control and concurrent systems,” IEEE Transanctions on Systems Man and Cybernetics-Part B, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 653-660, Ekim, 2000, doi: 10.1109/3477.875442
  • [5] A.E.C. da Cunda, J.E.R. Cury, B.H. Krogh, “An assume-guarantee reasoning for hierarchical coordination of discrete event systems,” in 6th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, Zaragoza, İspanya, 2002.
  • [6] K.C. Wong, W.M. Wonham,“Hierarchical control of discrete event systems,” Discrete Event Dynamic Systems, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 241-273, Temmuz, 1996, doi: 10.1007/BF01797154.
  • [7] K. Schmidt, J. Reger, T. Moor, “A hierarchical architecture for nonblocking control of decentralized discrete event systems,” in IEEE International Federation of Automatic Control Workshop Discrete Event Systems, Reims, France, 2004.
  • [8] K. Schmidt, T. Moor, S. Perk, “Hierarchical control for structural decentralized des,” in 7th International Symposium on Mediterrean Conference on Control and Automation Intelligent Control, Limasol, Kıbrıs, 2005.
  • [9] X. Wang, T. Tang, S. Liu, “Study on modeling and verification of CBTC interlocking system,” in 5th International Conference on Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, Beijing, Çin, 2013.
  • [10] O. Kaymakci, V.G. Anik, I. Ustoglu, “A local modular supervisory controller for a real railway station,” in 5th International Conference on System Safety, Manchester, İngiltere, 2010.
  • [11] A.E. Haxthausen, J. Peleska, “Formal development and verfication of a distributed railway control system,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 687-701, Ağustos, 2000, doi: 10.1109/32.879808
  • [12] L.H. Vu, A.E. Haxthausen, J. Peleska, “Formal modelling and verification of interlocking systems featuring sequential release,” Science of Computer Programming, vol. 133, no. 2, pp. 91-115, Mayıs, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scico.2016.05.010
  • [13] J. Qian, J. Liu, X. Chen, J. Sun, “Modeling and verfication of zone controller: The SCADE experience in China’s railway systems,” in International Workshop on Complex Faults and Failures in Large Software Systems, Floransa, İtalya, 2015.
  • [14] J. Farooq and J. Soler, "Radio communication for communications-based train control (CBTC): A Tutorial and Survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1377-1402, Ocak, 2017, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2017.2661384.
  • [15] C. G. Cassandras, S. Lafortune, Introduction to Discrete Event Systems, USA: LLC/ Springer Science +Business Media, 2008
  • [16] S.H. Lee, K.C. Wong “Structural decentralized control of concurrent discrete event systems,” European Journal of Control, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 477-491, Aralık, 2002, doi: 10.3166/ejc.8.477-491
  • [17] H. Zhong, W.M. Wonham “On the consistency of hierarchical supervision in discrete event systems,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1125-1134, Ekim, 1990, doi: 10.1109/9.58555
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Bilimsel Yayınlar (Hakemli Araştırma ve Derleme Makaleler)
Yazarlar

Cem Atılgan 0000-0001-7226-0811

Özgür Turay Kaymakçı 0000-0001-7553-6887

Tarık Veli Mumcu 0000-0002-8995-9300

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

IEEE C. Atılgan, Ö. T. Kaymakçı, ve T. V. Mumcu, “Haberleşme Tabanlı Tren Kontrolünün (CBTC) Otomatik Tren Korumasına (ATP) İlişkin Dağıtılmış-Hiyerarşik Kontrol Yaklaşımı”, Demiryolu Mühendisliği, sy. 17, ss. 66–81, Ocak 2023, doi: 10.47072/demiryolu.1191856.