Operational Efficiency and Methodological Diversity in Container Port Performance Assessment

Öz

Container port and terminal performance is central to the efficiency and resilience of global maritime logistics. This study conducts a systematic review of methodologies used to evaluate container port performance, with a focus on both international practices and applications within Türkiye. The review identifies five methodological families: frontier-based efficiency analysis, simulation and optimization models, statistical regression models, KPI and benchmarking frameworks, and hybrid AI-enhanced methods. A consistent set of core operational metrics appears across all approaches, including vessel turnaround time, berth or crane throughput, and container dwell time. These metrics serve as foundational indicators in performance assessment. However, methodological diversity and context-specific definitions limit cross-port comparability. Turkish case studies demonstrate the integration of MCDM, fuzzy logic, and machine learning to address local efficiency and sustainability challenges. The review proposes a tiered framework that aligns methods with operational, strategic, and technological goals. It recommends a shift from isolated methods to integrated, data-driven systems that support real-time decision making and long-term planning. For emerging economies like Türkiye, adopting such a layered and standardized approach offers a path to greater competitiveness and resilience in the global maritime sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Container port performance
• efficiency analysis
• simulation and optimization
• data-driven approaches
• sustainable port management

Konteyner Limanı Performans Değerlendirmesinde Operasyonel Verimlilik ve Yöntemsel Çeşitlilik

Öz

Konteyner limanı ve terminal performansı, küresel denizcilik lojistiğinin verimliliği ve dayanıklılığı açısından belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma, konteyner limanı performansını değerlendirmede kullanılan yöntemleri sistematik biçimde incelemekte; uluslararası yaklaşımlar ile Türkiye’deki uygulamalara odaklanmaktadır. İnceleme, beş ana yöntem ailesini belirlemiştir: sınır temelli etkinlik analizleri, benzetim ve optimizasyon modelleri, istatistiksel regresyon çerçeveleri, KPI ve kıyaslama sistemleri ile yapay zekâ destekli hibrit yöntemler. Tüm bu yaklaşımlar arasında gemi dönüş süresi, rıhtım veya vinç verimliliği ve konteyner bekleme süresi gibi temel operasyonel göstergeler ortak olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak yöntemsel çeşitlilik ve bağlama özgü tanımlar, limanlar arası karşılaştırılabilirliği sınırlamaktadır. Türk örnek olayları, etkinlik ve sürdürülebilirlik sorunlarını ele almak üzere çok ölçütlü karar verme (MCDM), bulanık mantık ve makine öğrenmesi tekniklerinin giderek daha fazla bütünleştirildiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, analitik yöntemleri operasyonel, stratejik ve teknolojik hedeflerle ilişkilendiren katmanlı bir çerçeve önermekte; tekil modellerden bütünleşik, veri odaklı sistemlere geçişi savunmaktadır. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için bu tür standartlaştırılmış ve katmanlı bir yaklaşım, küresel denizcilik sektöründe daha yüksek rekabetçilik ve dayanıklılık kazandırma potansiyeli taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• etkinlik analizi
• simülasyon ve optimizasyon
• veri odaklı yaklaşımlar
• sürdürülebilir liman yönetimi
• Konteyner limanı performansı

Kaynakça

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