Rusya Ukrayna Çatışmasının Deniz Lojistiğine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 163 - 180, 28.12.2022

Arda Toygar , Umut Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1170425

Cited By: 1

Öz

Rusya Ukrayna çatışması lojistik hizmetlerin aksamasına, tedarik zinciri bağıntılarının bozulmasına neden olmakta ve küresel ticaretin sürdürülebilir gelişimi için risk oluşturmaktadır. Nitekim enerji kaynakları, tahıl ve gıda gibi birçok emtianın ihracatında dünyanın önde gelen iki önemli ülkesi olan Rusya ve Ukrayna dış ticaret faaliyetlerinin büyük kısmını denizyolu taşımacılığıyla gerçekleştirmektedir. Fakat çatışmanın başladığı tarihten itibaren birçok denizcilik firması Rusya ve Ukrayna limanlarına gemi uğraklarını iptal etti ve gemi rezervasyonlarını belirsiz süreyle askıya aldı. Programlarında Rusya veya Ukrayna limanları olan gemiler Hamburg, Rotterdam, Köstence, Trablus, Pire ve İstanbul limanlarına geri yönlendirildi. Dış ticaretinin büyük payını deniz taşımacılığıyla gerçekleştiren ülkelere yönelik bu kararların alınması, bölgedeki deniz lojistiğinde darboğaza neden olabilir. Bu sebeple çalışmanın amacı Rusya-Ukrayna çatışmasının deniz lojistiğindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu kapsamda literatür, sektörel raporlar ve uluslararası denizcilik otoritelerinin yayınları kavramsal çerçevede incelenmiştir. Çatışmanın, bölgeselde ve küreselde farklı etkiler oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, (1) çatışma bölgesinde belirsiz süreyle gemi rezervasyonlarının askıya alındığını, denizcilerin gemilerde mahsur kaldığını, navlunların ve sigorta primlerinin yükseldiğini, (2) küreselde ise taşımacılık maliyetlerinin arttığını ve gemilerin yönlendirildiği limanlarının hinterlantlarında sıkışıklığın oluştuğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rusya-Ukrayna çatışması, Deniz taşımacılığı, Jeopolitik risk, Tedarik zincirinde darboğaz, KOVİD-19

Destekleyen Kurum

YOK

Proje Numarası

YOK

Teşekkür

YOK

Kaynakça

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