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Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study
Öz
Historical structures are key elements of cultural heritage, offering insights into past societies and linking them to the present. Many were built using masonry, which is strong in compression but weak in tension. Advances in computational technologies have allowed more precise analysis of such structures, especially under seismic effects.
This study examines three notable Turkish minarets from the 12th to13th centuries: The Kalyan Minaret, the Jam Minar, and the Sivas Great Mosque Minaret. The historical development of minarets and their significance in art history are briefly reviewed, along with the evolution of construction techniques, such as brick and brick–stone masonry. Structural behaviour was analysed through the Finite Element Method, and seismic performance was assessed using Time History Analyses with acceleration records from the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake.
Results reveal that seismic responses vary significantly depending on material, geometry, and construction methods. The Kalyan Minaret, with its thick conical shaft, displayed the best performance, showing limited displacements and stress levels. The Jam Minar, the tallest and slenderest, experienced greater stresses, particularly in its upper sections, consistent with its current partial collapse. The Sivas Great Mosque Minaret performed least favourably, with high tensile and compressive stresses concentrated at the pedestal and transition zone.
Overall, the study highlights that the design of masonry minarets was influenced not only by artistic and symbolic concerns but also by structural needs. Their development reflects efforts to ensure earthquake resistance and stability under lateral loads, emphasising the integration of aesthetic and engineering considerations in medieval architecture.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Teşekkür
This article is derived from the author's doctoral thesis entitled ‘The Comparison of Earthquake Performance of Turkic Minarets by Finite Element Analysis Method’.
Kaynakça
- Adamec, D. (2006). Minaret of Jam, detail [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Jam_afghan_architecture_harirud_brick.jpg
- Ahunbay, Z. (1988). Mimar Sinan yapılarında kullanılan yapım teknikleri ve malzeme. Mimarbaşı Koca Sinan: Yaşadığı çağ ve eserleri (pp. 531–538). Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü.
- Aksoy, İ. H. (1982). İstanbul’da tarihi yapılarda uygulanan temel sistemleri. İTÜ İnşaat Fakültesi.
- Aktaş, Y. (2006). Technological characteristics of a brick masonry structure and their relationship with the structural behaviour. [Unpublished master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University].
- Anthoine, A. (1995). Derivation of the in-plane elastic characteristics of masonry through homogeniza-tion theory. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 32(2), 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(94)00140-R
- Arseven, C. E. (1955). Türk sanatı tarihi. Millî Eğitim Basımevi.
- Aslanapa, O. (1984). Türk sanatı. Remzi Kitabevi.
- Ateş, E. (2014). Türk din mûsikîsinde ezan. Review of the Faculty of Divinity, Süleyman Demirel Uni-versity, (163), 1–15.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Mimari Miras ve Koruma, Mimari Tarih, Teori ve Eleştiri, Mimarlıkta Malzeme ve Teknoloji
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Erken Görünüm Tarihi
6 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
6 Kasım 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi
13 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi
21 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2
APA
Erdoğan, H. A. (2025). Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research, 4(2), 139-166. https://doi.org/10.63673/DepArch.2025.44
AMA
1.Erdoğan HA. Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research. 2025;4(2):139-166. doi:10.63673/DepArch.2025.44
Chicago
Erdoğan, Hacı Abdullah. 2025. “Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study”. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research 4 (2): 139-66. https://doi.org/10.63673/DepArch.2025.44.
EndNote
Erdoğan HA (01 Kasım 2025) Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research 4 2 139–166.
IEEE
[1]H. A. Erdoğan, “Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study”, DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research, c. 4, sy 2, ss. 139–166, Kas. 2025, doi: 10.63673/DepArch.2025.44.
ISNAD
Erdoğan, Hacı Abdullah. “Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study”. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research 4/2 (01 Kasım 2025): 139-166. https://doi.org/10.63673/DepArch.2025.44.
JAMA
1.Erdoğan HA. Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research. 2025;4:139–166.
MLA
Erdoğan, Hacı Abdullah. “Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study”. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research, c. 4, sy 2, Kasım 2025, ss. 139-66, doi:10.63673/DepArch.2025.44.
Vancouver
1.Hacı Abdullah Erdoğan. Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research. 01 Kasım 2025;4(2):139-66. doi:10.63673/DepArch.2025.44