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Participatory Design

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 1 - 12, 05.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.55755/DepArch.2022.8

Öz

Participatory design is the involvement of people in the creation and management of their built and natural environments. Its strengths are that it cuts across traditional professional boundaries and cultures. The activity of participatory design is based on the principle that the built and natural environments work better if citizens are active and involved in its creation and management instead of being treated as passive consumers. The main purposes of participation are to involve citizens in planning and design decision-making processes and, as a result increase their trust and confidence in organizations, making it more likely that they will work within established systems when seeking solutions to problems; to provide citizens with a voice in planning, design and decision-making in order to improve plans, decisions, service delivery, and overall quality of the environment; and to promote a sense of community by bringing people together who share common goals. A wide range of techniques is available to designers. Some of these techniques have become a standard method used in participatory processes, such as interactive group decision-making techniques that take place in workshops. At the same time, designers have effectively used field techniques such as questionnaires, interviewing, focus groups and group mapping to acquire information. In general, many of the techniques facilitate citizen’s awareness to environmental situations, and help activate their creative thinking. The techniques can be classified as awareness methods, group interaction methods, and indirect methods.

Kaynakça

  • Abelson, J., Forest, P.G., Eyles, J., Smith, P., Martin, E., and Gauvin, F.P. (2003). Deliberations about deliberative methods: issues in the design and evaluation of public participation processes. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 239-251.
  • Atlee, T. (2003). The Tao of democracy. Cranston, RI: The Writers Collective.
  • Bens, C.K. (1994) Effective citizen government: How to make it happen. National Civic Review, 83(1), 32-38.
  • Billington, R.A. (1974). American’s frontier heritage. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Bordenave, J.D. (1994). Participative communication as a part of building the participative society. In Participatory Communication: Working for Change and Development, edited by S.A. White, K.S. Nair & J. Ascroft. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Brager, G., Specht, H., & Torczyner , J.L. (1987). Community organizing. Columbia University Press.
  • Bramley, G., Dempsey, N., Power, S. and Brown, C., (2006). What is social sustainability and how do our existing urban forms perform in nurturing it? Paper presented at the Sustainable Communities and Green Futures Conference, London: Bartlett School of Planning, University College London.
  • Brown, T.C. and Peterson, G.L. (1994). A political-economic perspective on sustained ecosystem management. In: Debano, L.F. (ed.) Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-247. Ft. Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 228-235.
  • Colantonio, A. (2007). Social sustainability: An exploratory analysis of its definition, assessment methods, metrics and tools. 2007/01: EIBURS Working Paper Series. Oxford: Oxford Brooks University.
  • Colfer, C.J.P., Brocklesby, M.A., Diaw, C., Etuge, P., Günter, M., Harwell, E., McDougall, C., Porro, N.M., Porro, R., Prabhu, R., Salim, A., Sardjono, M.A., Tchikangwa, B., Tiani, A.M., Wadley, R.L., Woelfel, J. and Wollenberg, E. (1999). The BAG (Basic assessment guide for human well-being). Criteria & Indicators Toolbox Series No. 5. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
  • Davidoff, P. (1965). Advocacy and pluralism in planning. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 31:331-338.
  • De Tocqueville, A. (1959). Democracy in America. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Dryzek, J. S. (2000). Deliberative democracy and beyond. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Ehn, P. (1992). Scandinavian design: on participation and skill in P. Adler and T. Winograd (eds) Usability: Turning technologies into tools. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Fagence, M. (1977). Citizen Participation in Planning. Oxford: Pergamon.
  • Fischer, G., Giaccardi, E., Eden, H., Sugimoto, M. and Ye, Y. (2005). Beyond binary choices: integrating individual and social creativity. Human-Computer Studies 63, 482-512.
  • Graessle L. and Kingsley S. (1986). Measuring change, making changes. An approach to evaluation. London: London National Health Resource.
  • Healey P., (1999). Institutionalist analysis, communicative planning, and shaping places, Journal of Planning Education and Research 19 (2), 111-121.
  • King, S. (1983). Co-Design: A Process of Design Participation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Korten, D. C. (1990). Getting to the 21st Century: Voluntary action and the global agenda. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.
  • Kretzman, J.P. & McKnight, J.L. (1993). Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Towards Finding and Mobilizing Community Assets. Evanston, IL: Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University.
  • Laurie, E. (1994). Ideas for the evaluation of community participation initiatives. Occasional Paper Royal College General Practitioners 64, 33-35.
  • Manzo, L. A. and Perkins, D. D. (2006). Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of Planning Literature20(4), 336-350.
  • Mathbor, G.M. (2008), Effective community participation in coastal development. Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.
  • Midgley, J. (1986). Community Participation, Social Development and the State. New York: Methuen.
  • Mill, J.S. (2001) Theory of Bureaucracy within Representative Government. Public Administration Review 61, 403-413.
  • Morris, E.W. (1996). Community in theory and practice: A framework for intellectual renewal. Journal of Planning Literature 11, 127-150.
  • Olsen, M.E. (1982). Participatory Pluralism: Political Participation and Influence in the United States and Sweden. Chicago: Nelson Hall.
  • Pateman, C. (1970). Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Perkins, D.D., Brown, B.B. & Taylor, R.B. (1996). The ecology of empowerment: Predicting participation in community organizations. Journal of Social Issues 52(1), 85-110.
  • PICCED. Pratt Institute Center for Community and Environmental Development. (2000). http://www.picced.org/basics/overview.htm
  • Plato, & Grube, G.M.A. (1992). Republic. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.
  • Pranger, R. J. (1968). The Eclipse of Citizenship. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.
  • Preiser, W.F.E. (1985). Programming the Built Environment. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • PyGyWg (2006). Participatory Geographies Working Group http://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/research/pygywebsite/about.html
  • Rapoport, A. (1987) Terms of empowerment exemplars of prevention: Towards a theory for community psychology, American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 121-143.
  • Rivlin, L. (1987). Group membership and place meanings in an urban neighborhood. Journal of Social Issues 38(3), 75-93.
  • Rydin Y. and Pennington M., (2000). Public participation and local environmental planning: The collective action problem and the potential of social capital, Local Environment, (5) 2, 153-169.
  • Sanoff, H. (2001). Community participation methods in design and planning. New York: Wiley.
  • Sanoff, H. (2006). Origins of community design. Progressive Planning 166, 14-17.
  • Sanoff, H. (2007). Editorial, Special issue on participatory design. Design Studies (28) 3, 213.
  • Sanoff, H. (2010). Democratic design: Participation case studies in urban and small town environments. Saarbrucken, Germany: VDM
  • Seitz, V. (2000). A new model: Participatory planning for sustainable community development. Race Poverty & the Environment: Reclaiming Land & Community. Volume VII, No 3. San Francisco: Urban Habitat Program and the Center on Race, Poverty, and Environment. Pp. 8-11,38.
  • Speer, P.W. and Hughey, J. (1995) Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power, American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 729-48.
  • Spinuzzi, C. (2005). The methodology of participatory design. Technical Communication (52) 2, 163-174.
  • Taylor, P. (2004). User participation in research. University of Sussex: Institute of Development Studies.
  • Thomson, K., Berry, J.M. & Portney, K.E. (1994). Kernels of Democracy. Boston, MA: Lincoln Filene Center at Tufts University.
  • Webler, T. (1995). ‘‘Right’’ discourse in citizen participation: An evaluative yardstick. In O. Renn, T. Webler, & P. Wiedelmann (Eds.), Fairness and competence in citizen participation: Evaluating models for environmental discourse (pp. 35–86). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Press.
  • Westergaard, K. (1986). People's participation, local government and rural development: The case of West Bengal, India. Copenhagen: Center for Development Research.
  • White, S.A., Nair, K.S. & Ascroft, J. 1994. Participatory Communication: Working for Change and Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Winograd, T. (1996). Bringing design to software. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • World Bank. (1994). The World Bank and participation. Report of the Learning Group on Participatory Development. World Bank, Washington, DC.
  • Worsley, P. (19671. The Third World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 1 - 12, 05.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.55755/DepArch.2022.8

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abelson, J., Forest, P.G., Eyles, J., Smith, P., Martin, E., and Gauvin, F.P. (2003). Deliberations about deliberative methods: issues in the design and evaluation of public participation processes. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 239-251.
  • Atlee, T. (2003). The Tao of democracy. Cranston, RI: The Writers Collective.
  • Bens, C.K. (1994) Effective citizen government: How to make it happen. National Civic Review, 83(1), 32-38.
  • Billington, R.A. (1974). American’s frontier heritage. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Bordenave, J.D. (1994). Participative communication as a part of building the participative society. In Participatory Communication: Working for Change and Development, edited by S.A. White, K.S. Nair & J. Ascroft. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Brager, G., Specht, H., & Torczyner , J.L. (1987). Community organizing. Columbia University Press.
  • Bramley, G., Dempsey, N., Power, S. and Brown, C., (2006). What is social sustainability and how do our existing urban forms perform in nurturing it? Paper presented at the Sustainable Communities and Green Futures Conference, London: Bartlett School of Planning, University College London.
  • Brown, T.C. and Peterson, G.L. (1994). A political-economic perspective on sustained ecosystem management. In: Debano, L.F. (ed.) Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-247. Ft. Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 228-235.
  • Colantonio, A. (2007). Social sustainability: An exploratory analysis of its definition, assessment methods, metrics and tools. 2007/01: EIBURS Working Paper Series. Oxford: Oxford Brooks University.
  • Colfer, C.J.P., Brocklesby, M.A., Diaw, C., Etuge, P., Günter, M., Harwell, E., McDougall, C., Porro, N.M., Porro, R., Prabhu, R., Salim, A., Sardjono, M.A., Tchikangwa, B., Tiani, A.M., Wadley, R.L., Woelfel, J. and Wollenberg, E. (1999). The BAG (Basic assessment guide for human well-being). Criteria & Indicators Toolbox Series No. 5. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
  • Davidoff, P. (1965). Advocacy and pluralism in planning. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 31:331-338.
  • De Tocqueville, A. (1959). Democracy in America. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Dryzek, J. S. (2000). Deliberative democracy and beyond. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Ehn, P. (1992). Scandinavian design: on participation and skill in P. Adler and T. Winograd (eds) Usability: Turning technologies into tools. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Fagence, M. (1977). Citizen Participation in Planning. Oxford: Pergamon.
  • Fischer, G., Giaccardi, E., Eden, H., Sugimoto, M. and Ye, Y. (2005). Beyond binary choices: integrating individual and social creativity. Human-Computer Studies 63, 482-512.
  • Graessle L. and Kingsley S. (1986). Measuring change, making changes. An approach to evaluation. London: London National Health Resource.
  • Healey P., (1999). Institutionalist analysis, communicative planning, and shaping places, Journal of Planning Education and Research 19 (2), 111-121.
  • King, S. (1983). Co-Design: A Process of Design Participation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Korten, D. C. (1990). Getting to the 21st Century: Voluntary action and the global agenda. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.
  • Kretzman, J.P. & McKnight, J.L. (1993). Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Towards Finding and Mobilizing Community Assets. Evanston, IL: Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University.
  • Laurie, E. (1994). Ideas for the evaluation of community participation initiatives. Occasional Paper Royal College General Practitioners 64, 33-35.
  • Manzo, L. A. and Perkins, D. D. (2006). Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of Planning Literature20(4), 336-350.
  • Mathbor, G.M. (2008), Effective community participation in coastal development. Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.
  • Midgley, J. (1986). Community Participation, Social Development and the State. New York: Methuen.
  • Mill, J.S. (2001) Theory of Bureaucracy within Representative Government. Public Administration Review 61, 403-413.
  • Morris, E.W. (1996). Community in theory and practice: A framework for intellectual renewal. Journal of Planning Literature 11, 127-150.
  • Olsen, M.E. (1982). Participatory Pluralism: Political Participation and Influence in the United States and Sweden. Chicago: Nelson Hall.
  • Pateman, C. (1970). Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Perkins, D.D., Brown, B.B. & Taylor, R.B. (1996). The ecology of empowerment: Predicting participation in community organizations. Journal of Social Issues 52(1), 85-110.
  • PICCED. Pratt Institute Center for Community and Environmental Development. (2000). http://www.picced.org/basics/overview.htm
  • Plato, & Grube, G.M.A. (1992). Republic. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.
  • Pranger, R. J. (1968). The Eclipse of Citizenship. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.
  • Preiser, W.F.E. (1985). Programming the Built Environment. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • PyGyWg (2006). Participatory Geographies Working Group http://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/research/pygywebsite/about.html
  • Rapoport, A. (1987) Terms of empowerment exemplars of prevention: Towards a theory for community psychology, American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 121-143.
  • Rivlin, L. (1987). Group membership and place meanings in an urban neighborhood. Journal of Social Issues 38(3), 75-93.
  • Rydin Y. and Pennington M., (2000). Public participation and local environmental planning: The collective action problem and the potential of social capital, Local Environment, (5) 2, 153-169.
  • Sanoff, H. (2001). Community participation methods in design and planning. New York: Wiley.
  • Sanoff, H. (2006). Origins of community design. Progressive Planning 166, 14-17.
  • Sanoff, H. (2007). Editorial, Special issue on participatory design. Design Studies (28) 3, 213.
  • Sanoff, H. (2010). Democratic design: Participation case studies in urban and small town environments. Saarbrucken, Germany: VDM
  • Seitz, V. (2000). A new model: Participatory planning for sustainable community development. Race Poverty & the Environment: Reclaiming Land & Community. Volume VII, No 3. San Francisco: Urban Habitat Program and the Center on Race, Poverty, and Environment. Pp. 8-11,38.
  • Speer, P.W. and Hughey, J. (1995) Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power, American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 729-48.
  • Spinuzzi, C. (2005). The methodology of participatory design. Technical Communication (52) 2, 163-174.
  • Taylor, P. (2004). User participation in research. University of Sussex: Institute of Development Studies.
  • Thomson, K., Berry, J.M. & Portney, K.E. (1994). Kernels of Democracy. Boston, MA: Lincoln Filene Center at Tufts University.
  • Webler, T. (1995). ‘‘Right’’ discourse in citizen participation: An evaluative yardstick. In O. Renn, T. Webler, & P. Wiedelmann (Eds.), Fairness and competence in citizen participation: Evaluating models for environmental discourse (pp. 35–86). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Press.
  • Westergaard, K. (1986). People's participation, local government and rural development: The case of West Bengal, India. Copenhagen: Center for Development Research.
  • White, S.A., Nair, K.S. & Ascroft, J. 1994. Participatory Communication: Working for Change and Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Winograd, T. (1996). Bringing design to software. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • World Bank. (1994). The World Bank and participation. Report of the Learning Group on Participatory Development. World Bank, Washington, DC.
  • Worsley, P. (19671. The Third World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mimarlık
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Henry Sanoff Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2373-6753

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Kasım 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sanoff, H. (2022). Participatory Design. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research, 1(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.55755/DepArch.2022.8

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