Lavanta yağı üretiminde enerji bilançosu

Öz

Bu araştırmada lavanta yağı üretiminde enerji girdi çıktı analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Isparta ilindeki işletmedeki verilere göre hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Lavanta yağı üretiminde enerji girdisi 1993.89 MJ, enerji çıktısı ise 2925.51 MJ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Enerji girdisi olarak sırasıyla % 54.22 odun enerjisi, % 41.86 lavanta çiçeği enerjisi, % 3.40 ekipman enerjisi, % 0.23 insan işgücü enerjisi, % 0.18 elektrik enerjisi ve % 0.10 su enerjisi oluşturmaktadır. Distilasyon işleminde en yüksek girdi yakıt olarak odun girdisidir. 234 kg lavanta bitkisinin işlenmesi sonucu enerji çıktısı olarak, 3.10 kg lavanta yağı ve 130 kg lavanta suyu elde edilmiştir. Lavanta yağı üretiminde sırasıyla enerji kullanım etkinliği, spesifik (özgül) enerji, enerji verimliliği ve net enerji 1.47, 643.19 MJ kg^-1, 0.002 kg MJ^-1 ve 931.62 MJ olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji; Enerji kullanım etkinliği; Lavanta yağı; Spesifik enerji

Energy balance of the lavender oil production

Öz

This research was carried out to determine the energy input-output analysis of lavender oil production. Data from agricultural farms in Isparta province was used. Energy input was calculated as 1993.89 MJ and energy output was calculated as 2925.51 MJ. Wood energy, fresh stalked lavender flower energy, equipment energy, human labour energy, electricity energy, and water energy inputs were 54.22 %, 41.86 %, 3.40 %, 0.23 %, 0.18 %, and 0.10 % of energy inputs, respectively. In this production, it is noteworthy that wood was used as fuel in the lavender oil production distillation process as the highest input. In the energy outputs, an average of 3.10 kg lavender oil and 130 kg lavender water were extracted by processing 234 kg fresh stalked lavender flower. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, and net energy for lavender oil production were calculated as 1.47, 643.19 MJ kg^-1, 0.002 kg MJ^-1 and 931.62 MJ, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Energy; Energy use efficiency; Lavender oil; Specific energy

Kaynakça

1. Anonymous (2007). IGEME. Essential Oils Report. Ankara, Turkey (In Turkish).
2. Anonymous (2013a). Lavender cultivation. http://www.marim.gov.tr/bilgi_kaynagi/ Lavanta %20Yeti%C5%9Ftiricili%C4%9Fi.pdf. Accessed date: October 30, 2013.
3. Anonymous (2013b). Agency 32. http://www.ajans32.com/lavantaya-tkdk-destegi--12542h.htm. Accessed date: September 06, 2013.
4. Anonymous (2013c). Turkey Republic Isparta Governor, Isparta Province, Culture and Tourism Directorate. http://www.ispartakulturturizm.gov.tr/belge/1-33628/isparta-hakkinda.html. Accessed date: November 22, 2013.
5. Anonymous (2014). Turkey electricity distribution corporation. http://www.tedas.gov.tr/BilgiBankasi/Sayfalar/ElektrikTarifeleri.aspx. Accessed date: November 05, 2014.
6. Anonymous (2016). Lavender. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/herderdedevalavanta pembenardetayalternatiftip1046420. Accessed date: January 06, 2016.
7. Celik, Y., Peker, K., & Oguz, C. (2010). Comparative analysis of energy efficiency in organic and conventional farming systems: A case study of black carrot (Daucus carota L.) production in Turkey. Philippin Agriculture Scientist, 93(2): 224-231.
8. Eren, O. (2011). Life cycle energy and environmental effect assessment at the sweet sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) production in the Cukurova Region. Doctorate Thesis, Cukurova University Adana.

9. Kaltschmitt, M., & Reinhardt, A. (1997). Nachwachsende Energieträger Grundlagen, Verfahren Ökologische Bilanzierung. Vieweg Verlag Braunschweig, Wiesbaden.
10. Kara, N., & Baydar, H. (2011). Essential oil characteristics of Lavandins (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) of Isparta Province, Kuyucak District, Where Lavender Production Center of Turkey. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 25(4):41-45..
11. Karaagac, M.A., Aykanat, S., Cakir, B., Eren, O., Turgut, M.M., Barut, Z.B., & Ozturk, H.H. (2011). Energy balance of wheat and maize crops production in Haciali undertaking. 11th International Congress on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture Congress, 21-23 September, 2011, Istanbul, Turkey, p:388-391.
12. Onal, I., & Tozan, M. (1986). Labour necessity and energy balance of alternative production systems in production of industry tomatoes. 10th National Congress on Agricultural Mechanization, May 5-7, 1986, Adana, p:226-228.
13. Ozkan, B., Kurklu, A., & Akcaoz, H. (2004). An input-output energy analysis in greenhouse vegetable production: A case study for Antalya region of Turkey. Biomass and Bioenergy, 26(1):89-95.
14. Saracoglu, N. (1996). Turkey's energy potential contributes to opportunities of energy forestry projects. I. Energy Symposium, November 12-14, 1996, Ankara, p:1-6.
15. Sonmete, M. H. & Demir, F. (2007). Energy consumptions in the harvesting-threshing mechanization of dry bean. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 21(41):109-117.
16. Tonutti, I., & Liddle, P. (2010). Aromatic plants in alcoholic beverages. Flavour Frag Journal, 25(5): 341-350.
17. Topalov, V.D. (1985). Lavender In: Topalov, V.D., Dechev, I.I., Pehlivanov, M.S. (Eds.), Plant Production. Zemizdat Press, Sofia, Bulgaria, p: 359-367.
18. Yaldiz, O., Ozturk, H.H., Zeren, Y., & Bascetincelik, A. (1993). Energy usage in production of field crops in Turkey. 5th International Congress on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture, October 11-14, 1993, Kusadasi, p:527-536.
19. Zheljazkov, V.D., Astatkie, T., & Hristov, A.N. (2012). Lavender and hyssop productivity, oil content, and bioactivity as a function of harvest time and drying. Industrial Crops and Products, 36(1): 222-228.