Water-yield relations and economic evaluation of quinoa irrigated with drainage water in the Çukurova Region

Öz

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of drainage water at different growth stages of quinoa (cv. Titicaca) in the Çukurova region of Turkey in 2014 and 2015 on yield, yield components, water use efficiency and salt accumulation in the plant root zone. The line-source sprinkler lateral was used in order to create gradually varying deficit irrigation treatments (I₁ through I₅). Drainage water was applied to replenish soil water deficit in the 60 cm depth to the field capacity during four growth stages of quinoa (early vegetation, late vegetation, flowering and grain filling) in treatment plots adjacent to sprinkler lateral (I₁). Total amount of drainage water applied to treatment (I₁) was 344 and 400 mm; and seasonal water use (ET) was 514, and 459 mm, respectively, for two years. Irrigation levels (I₁-I₄) influenced significantly quinoa yields and yield components. Maximum yield was obtained from the I₁ treatment as 4510-4880 kg ha^-1; and the lowest yield was obtained from the rainfed treatment (I₅) as 1880 and 1430 kg ha^-1, respectively. Significant linear relationships were found between seed yield and ET. The yield response factor (ky) was 1.17 in 2014 and 1.06 in 2015. Soil salinity decreased with increasing depth in all treatments. In conclusion, full irrigation using drainage water (1.6 dS m^-1) is recommended for sprinkler irrigated quinoa in order to obtain higher yield in the Çukurova region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abiotic stres,Line-source sprinkler,Salinity,Water saving

Çukurova bölgesinde drenaj suyu ile sulanan kinoa bitkisinde su-verim ilişkileri ve ekonomik değerlendirme

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacını 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında Çukurova bölgesinde Tarsus’ta yetişen kinoa (Titicaca çeşidi) bitkisinde farklı büyüme dönemlerinde uygulanan drenaj suyunun verim, verim bileşenleri, su kullanım etkinliği ve tuz birikimi üzerine etkisini değerlendirilmesi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada çizgi kaynaklı yağmurlama sulama sistemi kullanılarak farklı sulama düzeyleri oluşturulmuştur (I₁-I₅). Kinoa bitkisinin 4 farklı gelişme döneminde (erken vejetatif, geç vejetatif, çiçeklenme ve dane dolum) laterale en yakın konuda (I₁) 60 cm toprak profilinde eksik nem tarla kapasitesine tamamlanmıştır. Laterale en yakın (I₁) konusuna uygulanan toplam sulama suyu miktarı iki deneme yılında 344-400 mm, mevsimlik su tüketimi (ET) ise 459-514 mm arasındadır. Sulama düzeyleri (I₁-I₄) kinoa dane verimi ve verim bileşenlerini önemli derecede etkilemiştir. En yüksek verim I₁ konusundan 4510-4880 kg ha^-1, en düşük verim ise susuz konudan (I₅) 1430-1880 kg ha^-1 elde edilmiştir.  Verim ile su tüketimi arasında önemli doğrusal ilişkiler elde edilmiştir. Verim tepki etmeni (ky) 2014 yılında 1.17, 2015 yılında ise 1.06 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm konularda toprak tuzluluğu artan derinlikle azalmıştır. Sonuçta, Çukurova bölgesinde yağmurlama yöntemi kullanılarak sulanan kinoa bitkisinden daha yüksek verim elde etmek için 1.6 dS m^-1 tuzluluk düzeyinden daha düşük drenaj suyu ile tam sulama programı önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Su tasarrufu,Abiyotik stres,Çizgi kaynaklı yağmurlama,Tuzluluk,Su tasarrufu

Kaynakça

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