SOME ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR CHEMICAL PESTICIDES IN AGRICULTURAL PEST CONTROL

Öz

With increasing demand in agricultural products, alternative pest control methods have been important owing to the negative effects of extensive pesticide applications. For this purpose biological control, botanical pesticides, insect growth regulators and some entomopathogen microorganisms have been used. However, related research on this subject has gradually increased throughout the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biological Control; Botanical Pesticides; Entomopathogen; Alternative control methods

TARIMSAL ZARARLILARLA MÜCADELEDE KİMYASAL PESTİSİTLERE ALTERNATİF BAZI YÖNTEMLER

Öz

Tarım ürünlerine artan taleple birlikte yoğunlaşan kimyasal pestisit uygulamalarının olumsuz etkileri sonucu alternatif mücadele yöntemleri önem kazanmıştır. Bu amaçla doğal düşmanlar, bitkisel pestisitler, böcek büyüme ve gelişme düzenleyiciler ve bazı entomopatojen mikroorganizmalar kullanılmaktadır. Ancak konu ile ilgili araştırmalar tüm dünyada artan bir hızla devam etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik Mücadele; Bitkisel Pestisitler; Entomopatojen; Alternatifler

Kaynakça

1. Anonim, 2005 a. Microbial Pest Control Bulletins. http://ipmofalaska.homestead.com/files/m icrobial.html .
2. Anonim, 2005 b. Microbial Insecticides (Chapter 15).http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosy n/courses/BIO_343/lecture/insect.html
3. A n o n i m , 2 0 0 3 . O rg a n i c P e s t C o n t r o l . http://www.agardendiary
4. Asai, T.A., Kajihara, M., Fukada, F. and Makekawa, S., 1985. Studies on the Mode of Action of Buprofezin II. Effects on Reproduction of the Brown Planthopper, Nivaparvata Lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool., 20: 111-117.
5. Ascher, K. R. S., 1993. Nunconventional Insecticidal Effects on Pesticides Available from the the Neem Tree, Azadirachta indica. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol., 22:433-449.
6. Banken, J. A.O. and Stark, J. D., 1997. Stage and Age Influence on the Susceptibility of Coccinella septempunctata (Col.: Coccinellidae) after Direct Exposure to Neemix, a Neem Insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol., 90(5):1102-1105.
7. Benner, J.P. 1993. Pesticidal Compound from Higher Plants. Pestic.Sci., 39: 95-102.
8. Bulut,E., Göçmen, H., 2000. Pests and their N a t u r a l E n e m i e s o n G r e e n h o u s e Vegetables in Antalya . Integrated Control in Protected Crops, Mediterranean Climate IOBC wprs Bulletın, 23(1):33-37.

9. D'Amico,V., 2005. Baculoviruses (Baculoviridae) http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocont rol/pathogens/baculoviruses.html.
10. Delen, N., Durmuşoğlu, E., Güncan, A., Güngör, N., Turgut, C. ve Burçak, A., 2005. Türkiye'de Pestisit Kullanımı, Kalıntı ve Organizmalarda Duyarlılık Azalışı Sorunları. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği 6. Teknik Kongresi, 7 Ocak 2005, Ankara, 21s.
11. Doğanay, Z.Ü., 2000. Bakteriyel İnsektisitler –Bacillus thuringiensis-Bt. Hasad, 15(177).
12. Duke,O.S., 1990. Natural Pesticides from Plants. http://www.hort.purdue.edu./newcrop/pro ceedings.
13. El-Gengaihi, S.E., Amer, S.A.A. and Mohamed, S.M., 1996. Biological Activity of Thymol against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Anz. S c h a d l i n g s k d e . P f l a n z e n s c h u t z , Umweltschutz, 69:157-159.
14. Ellsworthip, P. and Martinez, C.J.L., 2001. IPM for Bemisia tabaci; A Case Study from North America. Crop Protection, 20(9): 853- 869.
15. G ö k t a y, M . a n d . K ı s m a l ı , Ş . , 1 9 9 0 . Diflubenzuron'un Böcekler Üzerindeki Etkisi. Türk. Entomol. Derg., 14: 53-64.
16. Heimpel, A. M., Thomas, E. D., Adams, J. R. and L. J. Smith, 1973. The Presence of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Trichoplusia ni on Cabbage from the Market Shelf. Environ. Ent., 2:72-76.
17. Hoffman, K.H and Lorenz, M.V., 1998. Recent Advances in Hormones in Insect Pest Control. Phytoparasitica., 26(4)
18. Kence, M. ve Kence, A. ,1992. Böceklerde İnsektisit Direncinin Kırılması. Türkiye 2. Entomoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, 28-31 Ocak 1992, Adana, Cilt: 273-280.
19. Kısmalı, Ş. ve F. Turanlı, 1998. Ekolojik Tarımda Biyoteknik Mücadele. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, “Ekolojik Tarım Kursu” Ders Notları, İzmir, 14s.
20. Kısmalı, Ş. ve Madanlar, N., 1988. Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)'nın Böceklere Etkileri Üzerinde bir İnceleme. Türk. Entomol. Derg., 12(4):239-249.
21. Kısmalı Ş., 1980. Böceklerde Juvenil Hormonun Etkileri. Türk. Bit. Kor. Derg., 4(4):257- 263
22. Lowery, J. F. and Isman, M. B. ,1993. Lab and Field Evaluation of Neem for the Control of Aphids. J. Econ. Entomol., 86(3):864-870.
23. Mansour, F., Ravid, U. and Putievsky, E., 1986. Studies of the Effects of Essential Oils Isolated from 14 Species of Labiatae on the Carmine Spider Mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Phytoparasitica, 14(2):137- 142.
24. Meyer, J.R., 2005. Chapter 19: Pest Control Tactics.http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/e nt425/text19/semiochem.html
25. Miyamoto, J., Hirano, M., Takimoto, Y. and Hatakoshi, M., 1993. Insect Growth Regulators for Pest Control, with Emphasis on Juvenile Hormone Analogs: Present Status and Future Prospects. ACS Symp. Ser., ACS, Washington, DC., 524: 144-168.
26. Mwangı, J. W., Addae—Mensah, I., Murıukı, G., Munavu, R., Lwande, W. and Hassanalı, A., 1992. Essential oils of Lippia Species in Kenya IV: Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Repellency and Larvicidal Activity. Int. Pharmacognosy, 30(1): 9-16.
27. Ndungu, M., Lwande, W., Hassanali, A., Moreka, l. and Chabra, S.C., 1995. Cleome Monophylla Essential Oil and its Constituentsas Tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) and Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Repellents. Ent. Exp. Et Appl., 76: 217-222.
28. Öncüer,C., 1997. Tarımsal Zararlılarla Biyolojik Savaş. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Yayınları, No:1, 93 s.
29. Schmitt, A., 1994. Plant Extracts as Pest and Disease Control Agents. Proceedings of the international meeting, 2-3 June 1994, Trento, 264-272.
30. Singh, D., Sıddıquı, M.S. and Sharma, S. ,1989. Reproduction Retardant and Fumigant Properties in Essential Oils against Rice Weevil(Col:Curculionidae) in Stored Wheat. J. Econ. Ent., 82(3): 727-733.
31. Shaaya, E., Ravıd, U., Paster, N., Kostjukovsky, M., Menasherov, M. and Plotkın, S., 1993. Essential oils and their Components as Active Fumigants against Several Species of Stored Product Insects and Fungi. Acta Horticulturae, Int. Symp. on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants., 344:131-137.
32. Shukla, H.S., Upadhyay, P. D. and Tripathi, S. C., 1989. İnsect Repellent Property of Essential Oils of Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum and Anethole. Pesticides., 23: 33-35.
33. Singh, G. and Upadhyay, R. K., 1993.Essential Oils: A Potent Source of Natural Pesticides. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 52:676-683.
34. Spollen , K. M. and Isman, M. B., 1996. Acute and Subletal Effects of a Neem İnsecticide on the Commercial Biocontrol Agents Phytoseilus persimilis and Amblyseius cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Dip.: Cecidomyiidae). J Econ. Entomol., 89:1379-1386.
35. Tunaz, H. and Uygun, E., 2004. Insect Growth Regulators for Insect Pest Control. Turk. J. Agric., 28 (2004): 377-387.
36. Tunç, İ. ve Şahinkaya, Ş., 1998. Sensivity of two Greenhouse Pests to Vapours of Essential Oils. Ent. Exp.et .Appl., 86:183-187.
37. Varma,J.Dubey, N.K., 2005. Prospectives of Botanical and Microbial Products as P e s t i c i d e s o f T o m o r r o w . http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jan25/articles 22.htm
38. Weinzierl, R. and Henn, T., 1991. Alternatives in Insect Management Biological and Biorational Approaches. North Central Regional Extensions Publication, 73 pp.