EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF TURKISH SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS

Yıl 2017, , 234 - 251, 01.12.2017

Abdullah Açık , Egemen Ertürk Bayram Bilge Sağlam

https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.351641

Öz

With
ever rising number of shipyards and production capabilities, ship building in
Turkey is a strategic industry that generates significant economic revenue.
However, periodic recessions, one of the characteristics of the ship building
industry, have had lingering effects since the 2008 crisis and caused business
volumes to shrink and consequently inefficient use of resources. Therefore a
data envelopment analysis was carried out covering the years 2005-2016 of
Turkish ship building industry. The model of the study evaluates the efficiency
of number of employees and project capacity on the two most important functions
of a shipyard, the production and repair-maintenance services. Findings reveal
that while the production function resources haven’t been efficiently utilized
after the crisis, repair-maintenance function has been efficiently utilized.
The decrease of new building orders resulted in a downward usage of production
resources, focus have shifted to repair-maintenance and these activities have
been carried out with high levels of efficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Shipbuilding industry, shipyard, repair and maintenance, data envelopment analysis, efficiency

VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİYLE TÜRK GEMİ İNŞA SANAYİNİN ETKİNLİK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Öz

Türkiye’de
gemi inşa sanayi, devamlı artış gösteren tersane sayıları ve üretim imkânlarıyla
kayda değer ekonomik katkılar elde edilen stratejik bir sanayidir. Ancak gemi
inşa sanayinin bir karakteristik özelliği olan dönemsel durgunluklar 2008
küresel ekonomik krizinden bu yana kendini göstermekte ve sanayinin iş hacmini
küçülterek kaynakların verimsiz kullanılmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda,
Türk gemi inşa sanayinin 2005-2016 yıllarını kapsayan döneme ait etkinliğinin
değerlendirilmesi veri zarflama analizi aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Araştırmanın modeli, tersanelerin en önemli iki fonksiyonu olan üretim ve
bakım-onarım çıktıları üzerinde, çalışan sayısının ve proje kapasitelerinin
etkinliğini değerlendirmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, kriz sonrası dönemde
üretim fonksiyonunda kaynakların etkin kullanılamadığına işaret ederken,
bakım-onarım fonksiyonunda tersi bir etkinlik seyri sergilendiğini göstermiştir.
Siparişlerin düşmesinden kaynaklanan üretim azalmasıyla bakım-onarım
faaliyetleri yoğunluk kazanmış ve bu faaliyetler yüksek etkinlik seviyelerinde
gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gemi inşa sanayi, tersane, bakım-onarım, veri zarflama analizi, etkinlik

Kaynakça

• Adler, N. ve Berechman, J. (2001). Measuring airport quality from the airlines’ viewpoint: an application of data envelopment analysis. Transport Policy, 8(3), 171-181.
• Banker, R.D., Charnes, A. ve Cooper, W.W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078-1092.
• Benzaquen, J. (2017). Total factor productivity of the Latin-American industry: large shipbuilding in Peru. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 66(2), 231-250.
• Buxton, I.L. (1991). The market for ship demolition. Maritime Policy & Management, 18(2), 105-112.
• Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. ve Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429–444.
• Clarksons Research (2017). World shipyard monitor, 24(5).
• Cook, W.D., Tone, K. ve Zhu, J. (2014). Data envelopment analysis: prior to choosing a model. Omega, 44, 1-4.
• Çelik, M., Kahraman, C., Cebi, S. ve Er, I.D. (2009). Fuzzy axiomatic design-based performance evaluation model for docking facilities in shipbuilding industry: the case of Turkish shipyards. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(1), 599-615.
• Cullinane, K., Song, D.W. ve Wang, T. (2005). The application of mathematical programming approaches to estimating container port production efficiency. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 24(1), 73-92.
• DTO (Deniz Ticaret Odası) (2017). Deniz sektör raporu. İstanbul.
• Farrell, M.J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 120(3), 253-290.
• Gillen, D. ve Lall, A. (1997). Developing measures of airport productivity and performance: an application of data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 33(4), 261-273.
• ISL (Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics) (2016). Shipping statistics and market review 2016, Germany.
• Krishnan, S.N. (2012). A scientific approach to measure shipbuilding productivity. Maritime Affairs: Journal of the Maritime Foundation of India, 8(1),136-149.
• Lee, J.S. (2013). Directions for the sustainable development of Korean small and medium sized shipyards. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 29(3), 335-360.
• Mangal, N.R. (2017). Ship Construction and Melding. Los Angeles: Springer.
• Park, J., Lee, D. ve Zhu, J. (2014). An integrated approach for ship block manufacturing process performance evaluation: case from a Korean shipbuilding company. International Journal of Production Economics, 156, 214-222.
• Park, S.H. (2010). Efficiency and productivity of seven large-sized shipbuilding firms in Korea. Journal of Korea Port Economic Association, 26(4), 188-206.
• Rabar. D (2015). Setting key performance targets for Crotian shipyards. Crotian Operation Research Review, 6 (2015), 279-291.
• SAJ (Shipbuilders’ Association of Japan) (2017). Shipbuilding statistics 2017 April, Japan.
• Shim, J. ve Lim, Y.M. (2014). An empirical model of changing global competition in the shipbuilding industry. Maritime Policy & Management, 41(6), 515-527.
• Stopford, M. (2007). Maritime Economics. New York: Routledge.
• Tongzon, J. (2001). Efficiency measurement of selected Australian and other international ports using data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35(2), 107-122.
• UDHB (Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı) (2017). Tersaneler ve Kıyı Yapıları Genel Müdürlüğü 2016 yılı genel istatistikler, Ankara.
• Opportunities Abroad (2016). Naval Ship Projects for the Turkish Navy: Opportunity for Maritime Equipment Makers. Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2017 http://www.opportunities-abroad.no/2016/10/23/naval-ship-projects-for-the-turkish-navy-opportunity-for-maritime-equipment-makers/
• UNCTAD (2017). UNCTADSTAT Data Center. Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2017 http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx