A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE ON THE ANALYSIS OF MARITIME ACCIDENTS: AN ANALYSIS EXAMPLE WITH FRAM METHOD

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 , 69 - 90, 02.06.2020

Elif Bal Beşikçi Aydın Şıhmantepe

https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.740159

Öz

Nearly eighty percent of global transportation activities are performed seaborne and this naturally causes an increase in maritime traffic. In spite of the existence of the regulations and recommendations on navigation safety, safety of life and environmental protection laid down by International Maritime Organization (IMO) and presence of international conventions and protocols, maritime accidents still continue to happen. Considering the whole maritime world, in order to minimise risk of accident and to ensure navigation safety and security, learning lessons from the past accidents is as important as abiding by the rules and regulations in force. This study, with an effort to bring novelty to analysis of maritime accidents, utilizes Functional Resonance Analysis Model (FRAM) method to analyse a past maritime accident. FRAM method assumes that accidents result from unexpected combinations (resonance) of normal performance variability. Accident analyses performed by FRAM method will serve as useful guidelines to minimise risk of maritime accidents. Analysis has shown that variables causing the accident do not have a linear relation. Having all necessary navigational aids on the bridge does not necessarily eliminate the risk of accident. One other important finding is that a single substantial reason did not cause the accident; on the contrary, it was caused by combination of reasons. The study also makes a reference to situational awareness as it plays a great role in preventing the accidents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maritime Accident, Accident Prevention, risk analysis, FRAM method

DENİZ KAZALARININ ÇÖZÜMLENMESİNE GÜNCEL BİR BAKIŞ: FRAM YÖNTEMİ İLE ANALİZ ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Dünyada taşımacılık etkinliklerinin yaklaşık yüzde sekseninin deniz yoluyla yapılıyor olması doğal olarak deniz trafiğinde atışa neden olmaktadır. Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü’nün (IMO-International Maritime Organization) seyir emniyeti, insan hayatı ve çevrenin korunmasına yönelik koyduğu kurallar, uluslararası sözleşmeler ve protokoller ve tavsiye kararlarının varlığına rağmen deniz kazaları olmaya devam etmektedir. Denizciliğe bir bütün olarak bakıldığında; kaza riskini en aza indirebilmek, seyir emniyeti ve güvenliğini sağlamak, insan yaşamı ve çevrenin korunmasını garanti altına almak için yürürlükteki kural ve yönergelere uymak kadar, geçmişte yaşanan kaza ve olumsuzluklardan ders çıkarmak gerekliliğinin önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma deniz kazalarının analizine yeni bir soluk getirmek amacıyla, Functional Resonance Analysis Model-İşlevsel Birleştirme Analiz Modeli (FRAM) yöntemiyle geçmişte yaşanmış bir deniz kazasını analiz etmektedir. Normal işleyişlerin (variables) beklenmedik birleşimlerinin/kombinasyonlarının (resonance) kazaya neden olabileceği varsayımını esas alan FRAM yöntemi ile yapılan bu çözümlemeler, gemi kaza riskini azaltmada rehber niteliğinde olacaktır. Yapılan analiz kazanın oluşmasında etken olan değişkenliklerin bağlılıklarının lineer olmadığını, seyir yardımcı cihazlarının kaza riskini ortadan kaldıramadığını, kazanın tek bir nedene değil birçok nedenin bileşkesinden ortaya çıktığını ve kazanın önlenmesinde durumsal farkındalığın önemli bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deniz Kazaları, Kaza Önleme, risk analizi, FRAM yöntemi

Kaynakça

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