AN EXAMINATION OF FOCUS PROGRESS OF STUDIES ON MARPOL ANNEX IV AND ANNEX VI: A REVIEW
Öz
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) is an international agreement, signed in 1973 and amended in 1978, to prevent pollution of seas from ship-based waste. In this review study, the Annex IV (Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships) and Annex VI (Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) contents of this agreement, which contains six annexes, are examined and changes in the focus of past studies and current studies are examined. Within the scope of Annex IV, the treatment procedures before the discharge of ship-based sewage wastes, special zones for wastewater discharge, and studies on the dilution of wastewater at sea after discharging to the sea were discussed. Within the scope of Annex VI, studies on emission inventory development, new technologies and alternative fuels have been examined. As a result of the review, the progress of the related studies has been evaluated and the future projections, which focused on the possible tendency of the studies, have been propounded.
Anahtar Kelimeler
MARPOL Annex IV, Sewage, MARPOL Annex VI, Ship exhaust emissions
Kaynakça
- Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. (2004). Assessment of Cruise Ship and Ferry Wastewater Impacts in Alaska.
- Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. (2009). Assessment of the Stationary Cruise Ship Plume Dilution Study.
- Alver, F., Saraç, B.A., and Şahin, Ü.A. (2018). Estimating of Shipping Emissions in the Samsun Port from 2010 to 2015. Atmospheric Pollution Research 9(5):822–28.
- Backer, Hermanni. (2018). Regional Work on Prevention of Pollution from Ships in the Baltic Sea – A Paradox or a Global Forerunner?. Marine Policy 98(October):255–63.
- Boscarato, I., Hickey, N., Kašpar, J., Prati, M.V., and Mariani, A. (2015). Green Shipping: Marine Engine Pollution Abatement Using a Combined Catalyst/Seawater Scrubber System. 1. Effect of Catalyst. Journal of Catalysis 328:248–57.
- Burel, F., Taccani, R., and Zuliani, N. (2013). Improving Sustainability of Maritime Transport through Utilization of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for Propulsion. Energy 57(October 1983):412–20.
- Butt, N. (2007). The Impact of Cruise Ship Generated Waste on Home Ports and Ports of Call: A Study of Southampton. Marine Policy 31(5):591–98.
- Chu-Van, T., Surawski, N., Ristovski, Z., Yuan, C.S., Stevanovic, S., Ashrafur Rahman, S.M., Hossain F.M., Guo,Y., Rainey, T., and Brown, R.J. (2020). The Effect of Diesel Fuel Sulphur and Vanadium on Engine Performance and Emissions. Fuel 261(September 2019):116437.
- Corbett, J. and Farrell, A. (2002). Mitigating Air Pollution Impacts of Passenger Ferries. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 7(3):197–211.
- Deniz, C. and Durmuşoǧlu., Y. (2008). Estimating Shipping Emissions in the Region of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Science of the Total Environment 390(1):255–61.