DETERMINING THE BARRIERS ENCOUNTERED IN THE TRANSITION TO CİRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE LOGISTICS INDUSTRY: DELPHI APPROACH

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 231 - 275

Ali Han Biber , Gül Denktaş Şakar

https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.1559618

Öz

While the circular economy aims for the sustainable use of resources and the minimization of waste, logistics plays a critical role in ensuring the efficient execution of activities such as raw material recycling, product reuse, and waste management, which are essential for the success of this model. Logistics service providers contribute to the circular economy by creating economic and environmental value through environmental protection practices such as pollution prevention, product stewardship and sustainable development. The transition and transformation process to a circular economy are processes that need to be handled and carried out very meticulously in the face of the unshakable strong position of existing linear economic activities and business models. Although there are scientific studies to determine the obstacles encountered in the supply chain of many different products and services in the transition to circular economic activities, studies specific to the logistics sector are quite limited. Lack of knowledge and awareness on this issue causes logistics businesses to be unprepared for the opportunities and benefits of this transformation. This research fills the gap in this regard by identifying and analyzing the obstacles to the transition to a circular economy in the logistics sector with a Delphi approach, based on literature review and expert opinions. In the study, as a result of adapting 41 obstacles identified through literature review to the Turkish context, 30 sub-barriers were identified under 7 main categories. The findings aim to guide senior managers of logistics sector businesses, policy makers, industry representatives and academicians for the transformation towards a circular economy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

logistics, circular economy, circular logistics, obstacles, delphi technique

LOJİSTİK SEKTÖRÜNDE DÖNGÜSEL EKONOMİYE GEÇİŞTE KARŞILAŞILAN ENGELLERİN BELİRLENMESİ: DELPHI YAKLAŞIMI

Öz

Döngüsel ekonomi, kaynakların sürdürülebilir kullanımı ve atıkların minimuma indirilmesini hedeflerken, lojistik ise bu modelin başarısı için hammadde geri dönüşümü, ürünlerin yeniden kullanımı ve atık yönetimi gibi faaliyetlerin verimli bir şekilde yürütülmesini sağlamada kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Lojistik hizmet sağlayan işletmeler, kirliliğin önlenmesi, ürün yönetimi ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma gibi çevre koruma uygulamaları yoluyla ekonomik ve çevresel değer yaratarak döngüsel ekonomiye katkıda bulunmaktadır. Döngüsel ekonomiye geçiş ve dönüşüm süreci, mevcut doğrusal ekonomik faaliyetler ve iş modellerinin sarsılmaz güçlü konumları karşısında oldukça titiz ele alınması ve yürütülmesi gereken süreçlerdir. Döngüsel ekonomik faaliyetlere geçiş sürecinde, birçok farklı ürün ve hizmete ait tedarik zinciri özelinde karşılaşılan engelleri belirlemeye yönelik bilimsel çalışmalar bulunmasına karşın lojistik sektörü özelinde yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu konudaki bilgi ve farkındalık eksikliği, lojistik işletmelerin bu dönüşümün fırsat ve faydalarına karşı hazırlıksız yakalanmalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu araştırma, lojistik sektöründe döngüsel ekonomiye geçişin önündeki engelleri literatür taramasına ve uzman görüşlerine dayanarak Delphi yaklaşımıyla belirleyip analiz ederek bu konudaki boşluğu doldurmaktadır. Çalışmada, literatür taraması ile belirlenen 41 adet engelin Türkiye bağlamına uyarlanması sonucunda, 7 ana kategori altında 30 adet alt engelin tanımlanması sağlanmıştır. Bulgular, lojistik sektörü işletmelerinin üst düzey yöneticilerine, politika yapıcılara, sektör temsilcilerine ve akademisyenlere döngüsel ekonomiye yönelik dönüşüm için rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

lojistik, döngüsel ekonomi, döngüsel lojistik, engeller, delphi tekniği

Kaynakça

• Ambekar, S., Roy, D., Hiray, A., Prakash, A., & Patyal, V. S. (2022). Barriers to adoption of reverse logistics: a case of construction, real estate, infrastructure and project (CRIP) sectors. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 29(7), 2878-2902.
• Azadnia, A. H., Onofrei, G., & Ghadimi, P. (2021). Electric vehicles lithium-ion batteries reverse logistics implementation barriers analysis: A TISM-MICMAC approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 174, 105751.
• Barnes, J. L. (1987). An international study of curricular organizers for the study of technology (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech).
• Beames, A., Claassen, G. D. H., & Akkerman, R. (2021). Logistics in the circular economy: challenges and opportunities. Strategic Decision Making for Sustainable Management of Industrial Networks, 1-14.
• Bressanelli, G., Perona, M., & Saccani, N. (2019). Challenges in supply chain redesign for the Circular Economy: a literature review and a multiple case study. International Journal of Production Research, 57(23), 7395- 7422.
• Buren, N., Demmers, M., Van der Heijden, R., & Witlox, F. (2016). Towards a circular economy: The role of Dutch logistics industries and governments. Sustainability, 8(7), 647.
• C. de Oliveira, M. C., Machado, M. C., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J., & Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. (2019). Paving the way for the circular economy and more sustainable supply chains: Shedding light on formal and informal governance instruments used to induce green networks. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30(5), 1095-1113.
• Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., Chiaroni, D., Del Vecchio, P., & Urbinati, A. (2020). Designing business models in circular economy: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(4), 1734-1749.
• Chhabra, D., & Kr Singh, R. (2022). Analyzing barriers to green logistics in context of Circular Economy and Industry 4.0 in the Indian manufacturing industry. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1-14.
• Dutta, P., Talaulikar, S., Xavier, V., & Kapoor, S. (2021). Fostering reverse logistics in India by prominent barrier identification and strategy implementation to promote circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126241.
• Garrod, B., & Fyall, A. (2005). Revisiting Delphi: the Delphi technique in tourism research. Tourism research methods: Integrating theory with practice, 85.
• Govindan, K., & Hasanagic, M. (2018). A systematic review on drivers, barriers, and practices towards circular economy: a supply chain perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 56(1-2), 278- 311.
• Hartley, K., Roosendaal, J., & Kirchherr, J. (2022). Barriers to the circular economy: The case of the Dutch technical and interior textiles industries. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 26(2), 477-490.
• Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of advanced nursing, 32(4), 1008- 1015.
• Hazen, B. T., Russo, I., Confente, I., & Pellathy, D. (2021). Supply chain management for circular economy: conceptual framework and research agenda. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 32(2), 510- 537.
• Jayarathna, C. P., Agdas, D., & Dawes, L. (2023). Exploring sustainable logistics practices toward a circular economy: A value creation perspective. Business Strategy and the environment, 32(1), 704-720.
• Jordans, I. P. M., De Leeuw, R. A., Stegwee, S. I., Amso, N. N., Barri‐ Soldevila, P. N., Van Den Bosch, T., ... & Huirne, J. A. F. (2019). Sonographic Examination of Uterine Niche in Non‐Pregnant Women: a Modified Delphi Procedure. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 53(1), 107-115.
• Jünger, S., Payne, S. A., Brine, J., Radbruch, L., & Brearley, S. G. (2017). Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) in palliative care: Recommendations based on a methodological systematic review. Palliative medicine, 31(8), 684-706.
• Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. (2017). Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions. Resources, conservation and recycling, 127, 221-232.
• Lobo, A., Trevisan, A. H., Liu, Q., Yang, M., & Mascarenhas, J. (2021). Barriers to transitioning towards smart circular economy: A systematic literature review. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing (pp. 245-256). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
• Loo, R. (2002). The Delphi method: a powerful tool for strategic management. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25(4), 762-769.
• Ma, J., Zhu, L., & Guo, Y. (2021). Strategies and stability study for a triopoly game considering product recovery based on closed-loop supply chain. Operational Research, 21, 2261-2282.
• Makarova, I., Shubenkova, K., & Pashkevich, A. (2018). The Concept of the decision support system to plan the reverse logistics in automotive industry. In 2018 26th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
• Makarova, I., Shubenkova, K., Mavrin, V., Mukhametdinov, E., Boyko, A., Almetova, Z., & Shepelev, V. (2020). Features of logistic terminal complexes functioning in the transition to the circular economy and digitalization. Modelling of the interaction of the different vehicles and various transport modes, 415-527.
• Mallick, P. K., Salling, K. B., Pigosso, D. C., & McAloone, T. C. (2023). Closing the loop: Establishing reverse logistics for a circular economy, a systematic review. Journal of Environmental Management, 328, 117017.
• Mathews, J. A., & Tan, H. (2011). Progress toward a circular economy in China: The drivers (and inhibitors) of eco‐industrial initiative. Journal of industrial ecology, 15(3), 435-457.
• Mishra, A., Dutta, P., Jayasankar, S., Jain, P., & Mathiyazhagan, K. (2023). A review of reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chains in the perspective of circular economy. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 30(3), 975-1020.
• Morseletto, P. (2020). Targets for a circular economy. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 153, 104553.
• Nadeem, S. P., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Anosike, A. I., & Kumar, V. (2017, July). Spectrum of circular economy and its prospects in logistics. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Symposium on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM) (pp. 440-451).
• Nakip, M. (2003). Pazarlama araştırmaları teknikler ve (SPSS destekli) uygulamalar, Seçkin Yayıncılık, 1. Baskı, Ankara.
• Panghal, A., P, A., Vern, P., & Mor, R. S. (2024). Adoption barriers to green logistics in the Indian food industry: A circular economy perspective. International Social Science Journal, 74(252), 519-538.
• Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
• Popović, A., & Radivojević, V. (2022). The circular economy: Principles, strategies and goals. Economics of sustainable development, 6(1), 45-56.
• Rizos, V., Behrens, A., Van der Gaast, W., Hofman, E., Ioannou, A., Kafyeke, T., ... & Topi, C. (2016). Implementation of circular economy business models by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): Barriers and enablers. Sustainability, 8(11), 1212.
• Seroka-Stolka, O., & Ociepa-Kubicka, A. (2019). Green logistics and circular economy. Transportation Research Procedia, 39, 471-479.
• Sharma, M., Luthra, S., Joshi, S., Kumar, A., & Jain, A. (2023). Green logistics driven circular practices adoption in industry 4.0 Era: A moderating effect of institution pressure and supply chain flexibility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 383, 135284.
• Stahel, W. R. (2016). The circular economy. Nature, 531(7595), 435-438. Su, B., Heshmati, A., Geng, Y., & Yu, X. (2013). A review of the circular economy in China: moving from rhetoric to implementation. Journal of cleaner production, 42, 215-227.
• Trevelyan, E. G. ve Robinson, N. (2015). Delphi Methodology in Health Research: How to Do it? European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 7(4), 423-428.
• Velte, C. J., Scheller, K., & Steinhilper, R. (2018). Circular economy through objectives–Development of a proceeding to understand and shape a circular economy using value-focused thinking. Procedia CIRP, 69, 775- 780.
• Vernon, W. (2009). The Delphi technique: a review. International Journal of Therapy and rehabilitation, 16(2), 69-76.
• Vogel, C., Zwolinsky, S., Griffiths, C., Hobbs, M., Henderson, E. ve Wilkins, E. (2019). A Delphi Study to Build Consensus on The Definition and Use of Big Data in Obesity Research. International Journal of Obesity, 43(12), 2573-2586.
• Ward, L., Nault, D., Cramer, H. ve Moonaz, S. (2022). Development of the Clarify (CheckList Standardising the Reporting of Interventions For Yoga) Guidelines: a Delphi Study. BMJ Open, 12(1), e054585.
• Werning, J. P., & Spinler, S. (2020). Transition to circular economy on firm level: Barrier identification and prioritization along the value chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 245, 118609.
• Wuestefeld, A., Fuermaier, A. B., Bernardo-Filho, M., da Cunha de Sá- Caputo, D., Rittweger, J., Schoenau, E., ... & Tucha, O. (2020). Towards Reporting Guidelines of Research Using Whole-Body Vibration as Training or Treatment Regimen in Human Subjects—A Delphi Consensus Study. PloS One, 15(7), e0235905.