Çeviri
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

German Jewish Scholarship on Islam as a Tool for De-Orientalizing Judaism

Yıl 2020, , 321 - 345, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.696346

Öz

19. Yüzyılda gelişmeye başlayan Alman Oryantalizmi, Yahudi alimlerin İslam araştırmalarına dahil olmasıyla II. Dünya Savaşı'na kadar altın çağını yaşamıştır. İslam araştırmalarına dahil olmalarının muhtemel birden fazla nedeni olsa da en önemli nedenlerden bir tanesi Yahudiliği Avrupa insanına tanıtma amacıydı. Nitekim o yıllarda İslam nasıl oryantalizm tarafından olumsuz söylem ve tasvirlere maruz kaldıysa Yahudilik de aynı durumunda payını almıştır. Bu olumsuz söylemi yıkmak için Alman-Yahudi alimler kolları sıvamışlar ve İslam ile Yahudilik arasındaki benzerliklere özellikle dikkat çekip İslam'ın Yahudilik'ten türediğini iddia etmek suretiyle Yahudiliğin Hristiyanlık'tan üstün olduğunu hatta onun da Yahudilik'ten türediğini ispat etmeye çalışmışlardır. Susannah Heschel bu makalesinde o döneme ve sonrasına ustaca ışık tutmakta ve Alman-Yahudi oryantalistlerin İslam araştırmalarındaki önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akbari, Suzanne. Idols in the East: European Representations of Islam and the Orient 1100-1450. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009.
  • Becker, C. H. "Der Islam als Problem". Der Islam 1 (1910), 1-21.
  • Cohen, Hermann. Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism. trc. Simon Kaplan. New York: Ungar, 1972.
  • Disraeli, Benjamin Coningsby; or, The New Generation, 3 c. London: Colburn, 1844.
  • Eyal, Gil. The Disenchantment of the Orient: Expertise in Arab Affairs and the Israeli State. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006.
  • Geiger, Abraham. Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? Eine von der Konigl. Preussischen Rheinuniversitàt gekronte Preisschrift .Bonn, 1833; Yeniden basım. Leipzig: Kaufmann. 1902; Osnabruck: Biblio, 1971.
  • Geiger, Ludwig "Abraham Geigers Briefe an J. Derenbourg". Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums, 1896.
  • Gingrich, Andre “Frontier Myths of Orientalism: The Muslim World in Public and Popular Cultures of Central Europe”. Mediterranean Ethnological Summer School 2 (1996), 99-127.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. "The Principles of Law in Islam". Muslim Studies içinde, ed. trc. C. R. Barber and S. M. Stern. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction, 2006.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. The Dogma and Law of Islam. Heidelberg, 1910.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. Tagebuch, ed. Alexander Scheiber. Leiden: Brill, 1978.
  • Graets, Michael. "The History of an Estrangement between Two Jewish Communities: Germany and France during the Nineteenth Century." Toward Modernity: The European Jewish Model içinde. ed. Jacob Katz. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1987, 159-69.
  • Hanisch, Ludmila. "Akzentverschiebung: Zur Geschichte der Semitistik und schaft wâhrend des 'Dritten Reichs". Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 18, no. 4 (1995).
  • Heschel, Susannah. Abraham Geiger and the Jewish Jesus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
  • Hirschfeld, Hartwig. New Researches into the Composition and Exegesis of the Qoran. London: RoyaJ Asiatic Society, 1902.
  • Ivry, Alfred. "Salomon Munk and the Mélanges de philosophie juive et arabe". Jewish Studies Quarterly 7 (2000): 120-26.
  • J. Fueck, Johann. Die arabischen Studien in Europa bis in den Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Leipzig: Harrasowitz, 1955.
  • Juynboll, G. H. A. The Authenticity of the Tradition Literature: Discussions in Modern Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 1969.
  • Kramer, Martin. The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999.
  • L. Marchand, Suzanne. German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race, and Scholarship. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
  • Lewis, Bernard. Islam in History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1903, 11.
  • Machinist, Peter. "The Road Not Taken: Wellhausen and Assyriology". Homeland and Exile: Studies in Honor of Bustenay Oded içinde, ed. Gershon Galil, Mark Geller, and Alan Millard. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
  • Mangold, Sabine. Eine “weltbürgerliche Wissenschaft”: Die deutche Orientalistik im 19. Jahrhundert”. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2004.
  • Neuwirth, Angelika. Sinai, Nicolai. and Marx, Michael. The Qur’an in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations into the Quranic Milieu, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Milson, Menahem. "The Beginnings of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem". Judaism 45, no. 2 (1996).
  • Mittwoch, Eugen. Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des islamischen Gebets und Kultus. Berlin: Verlag der koeniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1913.
  • Peleg, Yaron. Orientalism and the Hebrew Imagination. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005.
  • Preissler, Holger "Heinrich Lebrecht Fleischer: Ein Orientalist, seine judischen Studenten, Promovenden und Kollegen". Bausteine einer judischen Geschichte der Universitat Leipzig” içinde, ed. Stephan Wendehorst. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitàtsverlag, 2006.
  • Raz-Krakotzkin, Amnon. "A National Colonial Theology: Religion, Orientalism, and the Construction of the Secular in Zionist Discourse". Tel Aviver Jahrbuch fuer deutsche Geschichte 30 (2002).
  • Renger, Christian. Die Gründug und Einrichtung der Universitat Bonn und die Berufungspolitik des Kultusministers Altenstein. Bonn: Ludwig Rôhrscheid Verlag, 1982, 237-39.
  • Richarz, Monika. "Juden, Wissenschaft und Universitâten: Zur Sozialgeschichte der jüdischen Intelligenz und der akademischen Judenfeindschaft, 1780-1848". Jahrbuch des Institus für deutsche Geschichte, suppl. 4 (1982): 55-72.
  • Simon. Robert. Ignac Goldziher: His Life and Scholarship as Reflected in His Works and Correspondence. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1986.
  • Strauss, Leo. Philosophie und Gesetz, C. 2 Gesammelte Schriften’den, ed. Heinrich Meier. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1997.
  • Tal, Uriel. Christians and Jews in Germany: Religion, Politics, and Ideology in the Second Reich, 1870-1914, trans. Noah Jonathan Jacobs, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975.
  • Todorova, Maria. İmagining the Balkans. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • van Ess, Josef. "Goldziher as a Contemporary of Islamic Reform". Goldziher Memorial Conference içinde, ed. Eva Apor and Istvan Ormos. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2005.
  • van Ess, Josef. "From Wellhausen to Becker: The Emergence of Kulturgeschichte in Islamic Studies". Islamic Studies: A Tradition and Its Problems içinde, ed. Malcolm H. Kerr. Malibu, CA: Undena, 1980.
  • W. Said, Edward, Orientalism. New York: Pantheon, 1978.
  • Wellhausen, Julius. Muhammed in Medina. Berlin: Reimer, 1882.
  • Weil, Gustav. The Bible, the Koran, and the Talmud. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1846.
  • Zank, Michael. Leo Strauss: The Early Writings. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.

Yahudiliği Oryantalizmden Kurtarmak İçin İslam’ı Araç Olarak Kullanan Alman-Yahudi Araştırmaları

Yıl 2020, , 321 - 345, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.696346

Öz

19. Yüzyılda gelişmeye başlayan Alman Oryantalizmi, Yahudi alimlerin İslam araştırmalarına dahil olmasıyla II. Dünya Savaşı'na kadar altın çağını yaşamıştır. İslam araştırmalarına dahil olmalarının muhtemel birden fazla nedeni olsa da en önemli nedenlerden bir tanesi Yahudiliği Avrupa insanına tanıtma amacıydı. Nitekim o yıllarda İslam nasıl oryantalizm tarafından olumsuz söylem ve tasvirlere maruz kaldıysa Yahudilik de aynı durumunda payını almıştır. Bu olumsuz söylemi yıkmak için Alman-Yahudi alimler kolları sıvamışlar ve İslam ile Yahudilik arasındaki benzerliklere özellikle dikkat çekip İslam'ın Yahudilik'ten türediğini iddia etmek suretiyle Yahudiliğin Hristiyanlık'tan üstün olduğunu hatta onun da Yahudilik'ten türediğini ispat etmeye çalışmışlardır. Susannah Heschel bu makalesinde o döneme ve sonrasına ustaca ışık tutmakta ve Alman-Yahudi oryantalistlerin İslam araştırmalarındaki önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akbari, Suzanne. Idols in the East: European Representations of Islam and the Orient 1100-1450. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009.
  • Becker, C. H. "Der Islam als Problem". Der Islam 1 (1910), 1-21.
  • Cohen, Hermann. Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism. trc. Simon Kaplan. New York: Ungar, 1972.
  • Disraeli, Benjamin Coningsby; or, The New Generation, 3 c. London: Colburn, 1844.
  • Eyal, Gil. The Disenchantment of the Orient: Expertise in Arab Affairs and the Israeli State. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006.
  • Geiger, Abraham. Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? Eine von der Konigl. Preussischen Rheinuniversitàt gekronte Preisschrift .Bonn, 1833; Yeniden basım. Leipzig: Kaufmann. 1902; Osnabruck: Biblio, 1971.
  • Geiger, Ludwig "Abraham Geigers Briefe an J. Derenbourg". Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums, 1896.
  • Gingrich, Andre “Frontier Myths of Orientalism: The Muslim World in Public and Popular Cultures of Central Europe”. Mediterranean Ethnological Summer School 2 (1996), 99-127.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. "The Principles of Law in Islam". Muslim Studies içinde, ed. trc. C. R. Barber and S. M. Stern. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction, 2006.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. The Dogma and Law of Islam. Heidelberg, 1910.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. Tagebuch, ed. Alexander Scheiber. Leiden: Brill, 1978.
  • Graets, Michael. "The History of an Estrangement between Two Jewish Communities: Germany and France during the Nineteenth Century." Toward Modernity: The European Jewish Model içinde. ed. Jacob Katz. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1987, 159-69.
  • Hanisch, Ludmila. "Akzentverschiebung: Zur Geschichte der Semitistik und schaft wâhrend des 'Dritten Reichs". Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 18, no. 4 (1995).
  • Heschel, Susannah. Abraham Geiger and the Jewish Jesus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
  • Hirschfeld, Hartwig. New Researches into the Composition and Exegesis of the Qoran. London: RoyaJ Asiatic Society, 1902.
  • Ivry, Alfred. "Salomon Munk and the Mélanges de philosophie juive et arabe". Jewish Studies Quarterly 7 (2000): 120-26.
  • J. Fueck, Johann. Die arabischen Studien in Europa bis in den Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Leipzig: Harrasowitz, 1955.
  • Juynboll, G. H. A. The Authenticity of the Tradition Literature: Discussions in Modern Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 1969.
  • Kramer, Martin. The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999.
  • L. Marchand, Suzanne. German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race, and Scholarship. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
  • Lewis, Bernard. Islam in History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1903, 11.
  • Machinist, Peter. "The Road Not Taken: Wellhausen and Assyriology". Homeland and Exile: Studies in Honor of Bustenay Oded içinde, ed. Gershon Galil, Mark Geller, and Alan Millard. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
  • Mangold, Sabine. Eine “weltbürgerliche Wissenschaft”: Die deutche Orientalistik im 19. Jahrhundert”. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2004.
  • Neuwirth, Angelika. Sinai, Nicolai. and Marx, Michael. The Qur’an in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations into the Quranic Milieu, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Milson, Menahem. "The Beginnings of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem". Judaism 45, no. 2 (1996).
  • Mittwoch, Eugen. Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des islamischen Gebets und Kultus. Berlin: Verlag der koeniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1913.
  • Peleg, Yaron. Orientalism and the Hebrew Imagination. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005.
  • Preissler, Holger "Heinrich Lebrecht Fleischer: Ein Orientalist, seine judischen Studenten, Promovenden und Kollegen". Bausteine einer judischen Geschichte der Universitat Leipzig” içinde, ed. Stephan Wendehorst. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitàtsverlag, 2006.
  • Raz-Krakotzkin, Amnon. "A National Colonial Theology: Religion, Orientalism, and the Construction of the Secular in Zionist Discourse". Tel Aviver Jahrbuch fuer deutsche Geschichte 30 (2002).
  • Renger, Christian. Die Gründug und Einrichtung der Universitat Bonn und die Berufungspolitik des Kultusministers Altenstein. Bonn: Ludwig Rôhrscheid Verlag, 1982, 237-39.
  • Richarz, Monika. "Juden, Wissenschaft und Universitâten: Zur Sozialgeschichte der jüdischen Intelligenz und der akademischen Judenfeindschaft, 1780-1848". Jahrbuch des Institus für deutsche Geschichte, suppl. 4 (1982): 55-72.
  • Simon. Robert. Ignac Goldziher: His Life and Scholarship as Reflected in His Works and Correspondence. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1986.
  • Strauss, Leo. Philosophie und Gesetz, C. 2 Gesammelte Schriften’den, ed. Heinrich Meier. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1997.
  • Tal, Uriel. Christians and Jews in Germany: Religion, Politics, and Ideology in the Second Reich, 1870-1914, trans. Noah Jonathan Jacobs, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975.
  • Todorova, Maria. İmagining the Balkans. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • van Ess, Josef. "Goldziher as a Contemporary of Islamic Reform". Goldziher Memorial Conference içinde, ed. Eva Apor and Istvan Ormos. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2005.
  • van Ess, Josef. "From Wellhausen to Becker: The Emergence of Kulturgeschichte in Islamic Studies". Islamic Studies: A Tradition and Its Problems içinde, ed. Malcolm H. Kerr. Malibu, CA: Undena, 1980.
  • W. Said, Edward, Orientalism. New York: Pantheon, 1978.
  • Wellhausen, Julius. Muhammed in Medina. Berlin: Reimer, 1882.
  • Weil, Gustav. The Bible, the Koran, and the Talmud. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1846.
  • Zank, Michael. Leo Strauss: The Early Writings. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Kitap Tanıtımı, Sempozyum Değerlendirmeleri ve Bilimsel Çeviriler
Yazarlar

Necmettin Salih Ekiz Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3123-4371

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Ekiz, Necmettin Salih. “Yahudiliği Oryantalizmden Kurtarmak İçin İslam’ı Araç Olarak Kullanan Alman-Yahudi Araştırmaları”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 51 (Haziran 2020), 321-345. https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.696346.