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MOSQUE AND IDENTITY FORMATION OF MUSLIM ADOLESCENTS IN THE UNITED STATES: A SOMALI CASE IN COLUMBUS, OHIO

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 44, 123 - 153, 28.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.284953

Öz

This article examines the role of the mosque in
identity formation among Somali adolescents in Columbus, Ohio. The research was
conducted at a large, ethnically Somali mosque in Columbus, utilizing the
methods of participant observation and ethnographic interviewing. Two main
trends were observed in adolescent Somali American identity formation. One trend
was for research participants to cultivate a distinctly Muslim American
identity by integrating their Somali ethnic, American, and Islamic identities.
Mosque participation played a key role in their ability and willingness to
synthesize these identities. However, adolescents in this group could be
divided into two opposing sub-categories as integrating to the American society
with their Muslim salient identity versus distancing away from the American
culture and society. The second over-arching trend that emerged in the research
was for Somali American adolescents to experience identity conflict between
their Muslim, Somali, and American identities. This group, unlike the first,
struggled and failed to reconcile the various norms and commitments of these identities
and it seemed that mosque participation deepened this identity struggle for
adolescents in this group.

Kaynakça

  • Abdo G (2005) “Islam in America: Separate but Equal.” Washington Quarterly 28(4): 7-17.
  • Bagby I, Perl PM and Froehle, BT (2001) The Mosque in America: A National Portrait/ A Report from the Mosque Study Project. Washington, D.C.: Council on American-Islamic Relations.
  • Biondo I and Vincent F (2006) “The Architecture of Mosques in the US and Britain.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 26(3): 399-420.
  • Burke PJ. and Stets JE (2009) Identity Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cadge W and Ecklund EH (2007) “Immigration and Religion.” Annual Review of Sociology 33:359-79.
  • Cerulo KA (1997) “Identity Construction: New Issues, New Directions.” Annual Review of Sociology 23:385-409.
  • Christine S (forthcoming 2015) “Culture or Religion? Religious and Ethnic Identity Negotiation Among Second-Generation Muslim Americans.” Journal of Islamic Law and Culture
  • Cote JE and Levine CG (2002) Identity Formation, Agency, and Culture: A Social Psychological Synthesis. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Dillon M (1999) Catholic Identity: Balancing Reason, Faith, and Power. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ehrkamp P (2005) “Placing Identities: Transnational Practices and Local Attachments of Turkish Immigrants in Germany.” Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies 31(2): 345-364.
  • Haddad YY (1994) “Maintaining the Faith of the Fathers: Dilemmas of Religious Identity in the Christian and Muslim Arab-American Communities.” In E. McCarus (Ed.) The Development of Arab-American Identity. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
  • Handlin O (1973) The Uprooted. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
  • Hirschman C (2006) “The Role of Religion in the Origins and Adaptation of Immigrant Groups in the United States.” International Migration Review 38(3): 1206-1233.
  • Howard JA (2000) “Social Psychology of Identities.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 367-93.
  • Kahera AI (2002) “Urban Enclaves, Muslim Identity and the Urban Mosque in America.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 22(2): 369-380.
  • Lotfi A (2001) “Creating Muslim Space in the USA: Masajid and Islamic Centers.” Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations 12(2): 235-254.
  • McMullen M (2000) The Baha’i: The Religious Construction of a Global Identity. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Nagel J (1994) “Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture.” Social Problems 41(1) 152-76.
  • Peek L (2005) “Becoming Muslim: The Development of a Religious Identity.” Sociology of Religion 66 (3): 215-242.
  • Rasdi MT (1998) The Mosque as a Community Development Centre: Programme and Architectural Design Guidelines for Contemporary Muslim Societies. Skudai, Johor Darul Ta'zim, Malaysia: Penerbit UTM.
  • Roy O (2004) Globalized Islam: The Search for the New Ummah. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Sheikh CS (Forthcoming) The American UMMAH: Identity and Adaptation among Second-Generation Muslim Americans. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Stroink ML and Lalonde RN (2009) Bicultural Identity Conflict in Second Generation Asian-Canadians. Journal of Social Psychology 149, 44-65.
  • Stryker S (1968) “Identity Salience and Role Performance.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 4:558-64.
  • Stryker S (1980 [2000]) Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version. Caldwell: Blackburn Press.
  • Stryker S and Burke PJ (2000) “The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory.” Social Psychology Theory 64(4):284-97.
  • Yildirim F (2011) “The Role of Islamic Institutions in Identity Formation Among Somali Adolescents in Columbus, Ohio.” M.A. Thesis, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ohio University, Athens, OH.

AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE CAMİ VE MÜSLÜMAN GENÇLERİN KİMLİK İNŞASI: COLUMBUS, OHIO SOMALİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 44, 123 - 153, 28.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.284953

Öz

Bu makale Ohio eyaletinin Columbus şehrindeki Somalili
gençlerin kimlik inşalarında caminin rolünü ele almaktadır. Bu çalışma
Columbus’taki en büyük Somali Camisi’nde katılımcı gözlem ve etnografik mülakat
teknikleri istihdam edilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde,
Somalili gençlerin kimlik gelişimlerinde iki ana eğilim gözlemlenmiştir.
Bunlardan birisi, araştırmaya konu olan gençlerin Somali, Amerikan ve Müslüman
kimliklerini mezcederek kendine özgü bir Müslüman Amerikalı kimliği
geliştirmeleridir. Bununla birlikte, bu gruptaki gençler birbirine zıt iki
alt-kategoriye ayrılabilir: Müslüman baskın/aslî kimlikleriyle Amerikan
toplumuna entegre olanlar vs.
Müslüman baskın/aslî kimlikleriyle Amerikan kültürü ve toplumundan kendilerini
dışlayanlar. Bu kimlikleri sentezlemede gösterdikleri kabiliyet ve istek
noktasında camiye katılımın kilit bir rolü vardır. Bu çalışmada ortaya çıkan
iki ana eğilimden diğeri ise, Somalili gençlerin Müslüman, Somali ve Amerikan
kimlikleri arasında kimlik çatışması deneyimlemeleridir. Birincisine nazaran bu
gruptakiler birbirinden farklı ahlaki ve davranış tarzına sahip bu kimlikleri
birbirleriyle uzlaştırmada zorlanmışlar ve başarısız olmuşlardır. Bu noktada,
camiye katılımın bu kimlik çatışmasını daha da derinleştirdiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Abdo G (2005) “Islam in America: Separate but Equal.” Washington Quarterly 28(4): 7-17.
  • Bagby I, Perl PM and Froehle, BT (2001) The Mosque in America: A National Portrait/ A Report from the Mosque Study Project. Washington, D.C.: Council on American-Islamic Relations.
  • Biondo I and Vincent F (2006) “The Architecture of Mosques in the US and Britain.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 26(3): 399-420.
  • Burke PJ. and Stets JE (2009) Identity Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cadge W and Ecklund EH (2007) “Immigration and Religion.” Annual Review of Sociology 33:359-79.
  • Cerulo KA (1997) “Identity Construction: New Issues, New Directions.” Annual Review of Sociology 23:385-409.
  • Christine S (forthcoming 2015) “Culture or Religion? Religious and Ethnic Identity Negotiation Among Second-Generation Muslim Americans.” Journal of Islamic Law and Culture
  • Cote JE and Levine CG (2002) Identity Formation, Agency, and Culture: A Social Psychological Synthesis. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Dillon M (1999) Catholic Identity: Balancing Reason, Faith, and Power. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ehrkamp P (2005) “Placing Identities: Transnational Practices and Local Attachments of Turkish Immigrants in Germany.” Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies 31(2): 345-364.
  • Haddad YY (1994) “Maintaining the Faith of the Fathers: Dilemmas of Religious Identity in the Christian and Muslim Arab-American Communities.” In E. McCarus (Ed.) The Development of Arab-American Identity. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
  • Handlin O (1973) The Uprooted. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
  • Hirschman C (2006) “The Role of Religion in the Origins and Adaptation of Immigrant Groups in the United States.” International Migration Review 38(3): 1206-1233.
  • Howard JA (2000) “Social Psychology of Identities.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 367-93.
  • Kahera AI (2002) “Urban Enclaves, Muslim Identity and the Urban Mosque in America.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 22(2): 369-380.
  • Lotfi A (2001) “Creating Muslim Space in the USA: Masajid and Islamic Centers.” Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations 12(2): 235-254.
  • McMullen M (2000) The Baha’i: The Religious Construction of a Global Identity. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Nagel J (1994) “Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture.” Social Problems 41(1) 152-76.
  • Peek L (2005) “Becoming Muslim: The Development of a Religious Identity.” Sociology of Religion 66 (3): 215-242.
  • Rasdi MT (1998) The Mosque as a Community Development Centre: Programme and Architectural Design Guidelines for Contemporary Muslim Societies. Skudai, Johor Darul Ta'zim, Malaysia: Penerbit UTM.
  • Roy O (2004) Globalized Islam: The Search for the New Ummah. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Sheikh CS (Forthcoming) The American UMMAH: Identity and Adaptation among Second-Generation Muslim Americans. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Stroink ML and Lalonde RN (2009) Bicultural Identity Conflict in Second Generation Asian-Canadians. Journal of Social Psychology 149, 44-65.
  • Stryker S (1968) “Identity Salience and Role Performance.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 4:558-64.
  • Stryker S (1980 [2000]) Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version. Caldwell: Blackburn Press.
  • Stryker S and Burke PJ (2000) “The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory.” Social Psychology Theory 64(4):284-97.
  • Yildirim F (2011) “The Role of Islamic Institutions in Identity Formation Among Somali Adolescents in Columbus, Ohio.” M.A. Thesis, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ohio University, Athens, OH.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatih Yıldırım

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Sayı: 44

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Yıldırım, Fatih. “AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE CAMİ VE MÜSLÜMAN GENÇLERİN KİMLİK İNŞASI: COLUMBUS, OHIO SOMALİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 44 (Aralık 2016), 123-153. https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.284953.