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İSVEÇ’TE DİN VE DEVLET İLİŞKİLERİNİN SEKÜLERLEŞME BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 46, 221 - 251, 15.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.404787

Öz

1593 yılındaki Uppsala Meclisi ile
Evanjelik Lüteryen öğretiyi resmi din olarak kabul eden İsveç Krallığı, XVIII.
yüzyıldan itibaren uyguladığı reformlar ile din ve devlet ilişkileri bağlamında
tarafsızlık politikasına doğru ilerlemiştir. 2000 yılında alınan bir kararla
devlet ve İsveç Kilisesi arasındaki resmi bağın sona ermesi bu anlamda önemli
bir adım olarak kabul edilmekle birlikte dini örgütlere ilişkin yasal
düzenlemeler ve bu örgütlerin toplumsal yapılanma içindeki konumu hala
tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı İsveç’te din ve devlet arasındaki ilişkileri,
tarihsel gelişimini ve mevcut durumunu, sekülerleşme kuramı bağlamında
incelemektir. Yasalar, komisyon raporları ve yazındaki diğer çalışmalar
üzerinden yapılan inceleme neticesinde İsveç’in üç nedenle kendine özgü bir
vaka olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. İlk olarak, İsveç’teki mevcut durum uzun yıllar
süren, siyasi ve dini otoriteler arasındaki müzakerelerin neticesidir. İkinci
olarak, bu reform süreci dini ve siyasi otoriteler arasındaki güç paylaşımı
üzerinden değil demokratik bir devletin unsuru olarak inanç özgürlüğü temelinde
yürütülmüştür. Son olarak, İsveç Kilisesi ile devlet arasındaki ayrılığın
fiilen ve tam anlamıyla gerçekleşmediği, bu iki otorite arasındaki ilişkinin
hala muğlak olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durum, geleneksel dini pratiklerin toplumsal
yapı içindeki işlevselliğinin geçerliliğini korumasından ileri gelmekte olup
İsveç’i sekülerleşme kuramı içinde kendine özgü bir yere koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Beckman, Ninna Edgardh, Thomas Ekstrand, Per Pettersson. “The Church of Sweden as an Agent of Welfare – the case of Gävle”, Churches in Europe as Agents of Welfare – Sweden, Norway and Finland (ed. Anne Birgitta Yeung), SLU Repro, Uppsala, 2006, ss.20-85.
  • Casanova, José. “Rethinking Secularization: A Global Comparative Perspective”, The Hedghog Review, Sayı 8, 2006, ss.7-22.
  • Cavallin, Clemens. “After the State Church: A Reflection on the Relation Between Theology and Religious Studies in Contemporary Sweden”, Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, Cilt:10, Sayı:29, 2011, ss.43-63.
  • Chaves, Mark. “Secularization as Declining Religious Authority”, Social Forces, Cilt 72, Sayı 3, 1994, ss.749-774.
  • Dobbelaere, Karel. “Some Trends in European Sociology of Religion: The Secularization Debate”, Sociological Analysis, Cilt 48, Sayı 2, 1987, ss.107-137.
  • Edqvist, Gunnar. “Freedom of Religion and New Relations Between Church and State in Sweden”, Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology, Cilt:54, Sayı:1, 2000, ss.35-41.
  • Gustafsson, Göran. “Church–state Separation Swedish-style”, West European Politics, Cilt:26 Sayı:1, 2003, ss.51-72.
  • Hughey, Michale W. “The Idea of Secularization in the Works of Max Weber: A Theoretical Outline”, Qualitative Sociology, Cilt 2, Sayı 1, 1979, ss.85-111.
  • Jareborg, Maarit Jantera. “Religion and the Secular State in Sweden”, 18th Annual Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law, 2010, https://www.wcl.american.edu/journal/genderlaw/19/19-1.cfm, (05.08.2015), ss.669-686.
  • Kam Markollegiet, “Registration of Religious Communities”, http://www.kammarkollegiet.se/english/registration-religious-communities, (06.12.2015).
  • Lars Friedner, “Religion in Pubic Education-Sweden”, http://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb5/inst/IEVR/Arbeitsmaterialien/Staatskirchenrecht/Europa/Konferenz_2010/Sweden.pdf, (05.12.2015).
  • Lars Friedner, “İsveç, Din Devlet İlişkisi: Hukuki Yapı, Dini Kurumlar, Din Eğitimi ve Din Hizmetleri”, AB Ülkelerinde Din-Devlet İlişkisi Sempozyumu Kitabı, İslam Araştırmaları Merkezi, İstanbul, 09-10.12.2006, s.471-488.
  • Ministry of Culture-Sweden, “Changed Relations between the State and the Church of Sweden”, http://www.sst.a.se/download/18.4c1b31c91325af4dad3800015546/1377188428760/Fact+sheet+about+state-church+relations.pdf, (04.08.2015).
  • Pettersson, Per. “State and Religion in Sweden: Ambiguity Between Disestablishment and Religious Control”, Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, Cilt:24, Sayı:2, 2011, ss. 119–135.

SECULARIZATION THEORY AND ANALYSIS OF RELIGION AND STATE RELATIONS IN SWEDEN

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 46, 221 - 251, 15.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.404787

Öz

Tightly bounded with the
Evangelic Lutheran Church since the Uppsala Convocation in 1593, the Kingdom of
Sweden has constantly moved to a more neutral attitude in terms of
religion-state relations since the XVIII. century. Although the separation of
state and the Church of Sweden in 2000 is seen as an ultimate step in this
sense, the legal status of the religious organizations and their positions in
the social structure is still debated. This paper aims to analyse historical
evolution and current situation of religion-state relations in Sweden with
reference to secularisation theory. Based on the review of legislative reports,
legal documents and the literature, the paper argues that Sweden is a sui
generis case in the literature for three reasons. First, existing relation
between the state and the Church of Sweden is the outcome of a centuries-long
democratic process in which political and religious authorities engaged in a
series of negotiations and nurtured the existing model within that time.
Second, the motivation behind changing religion-state relations in Sweden
was not only about power sharing between religious and civil authorities, but
rather about ³freedom of religion in a democratic society. Finally, it is still
possible to conclude that the separation is not an absolute one and the
relation between the state and the Church of Sweden is ambiguous. This brings
us to the fact that religion still has a functional power within the social structure
to considerable extent, which puts Sweden in a distinctive place with regards
to the secularisation theory.

Kaynakça

  • Beckman, Ninna Edgardh, Thomas Ekstrand, Per Pettersson. “The Church of Sweden as an Agent of Welfare – the case of Gävle”, Churches in Europe as Agents of Welfare – Sweden, Norway and Finland (ed. Anne Birgitta Yeung), SLU Repro, Uppsala, 2006, ss.20-85.
  • Casanova, José. “Rethinking Secularization: A Global Comparative Perspective”, The Hedghog Review, Sayı 8, 2006, ss.7-22.
  • Cavallin, Clemens. “After the State Church: A Reflection on the Relation Between Theology and Religious Studies in Contemporary Sweden”, Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, Cilt:10, Sayı:29, 2011, ss.43-63.
  • Chaves, Mark. “Secularization as Declining Religious Authority”, Social Forces, Cilt 72, Sayı 3, 1994, ss.749-774.
  • Dobbelaere, Karel. “Some Trends in European Sociology of Religion: The Secularization Debate”, Sociological Analysis, Cilt 48, Sayı 2, 1987, ss.107-137.
  • Edqvist, Gunnar. “Freedom of Religion and New Relations Between Church and State in Sweden”, Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology, Cilt:54, Sayı:1, 2000, ss.35-41.
  • Gustafsson, Göran. “Church–state Separation Swedish-style”, West European Politics, Cilt:26 Sayı:1, 2003, ss.51-72.
  • Hughey, Michale W. “The Idea of Secularization in the Works of Max Weber: A Theoretical Outline”, Qualitative Sociology, Cilt 2, Sayı 1, 1979, ss.85-111.
  • Jareborg, Maarit Jantera. “Religion and the Secular State in Sweden”, 18th Annual Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law, 2010, https://www.wcl.american.edu/journal/genderlaw/19/19-1.cfm, (05.08.2015), ss.669-686.
  • Kam Markollegiet, “Registration of Religious Communities”, http://www.kammarkollegiet.se/english/registration-religious-communities, (06.12.2015).
  • Lars Friedner, “Religion in Pubic Education-Sweden”, http://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb5/inst/IEVR/Arbeitsmaterialien/Staatskirchenrecht/Europa/Konferenz_2010/Sweden.pdf, (05.12.2015).
  • Lars Friedner, “İsveç, Din Devlet İlişkisi: Hukuki Yapı, Dini Kurumlar, Din Eğitimi ve Din Hizmetleri”, AB Ülkelerinde Din-Devlet İlişkisi Sempozyumu Kitabı, İslam Araştırmaları Merkezi, İstanbul, 09-10.12.2006, s.471-488.
  • Ministry of Culture-Sweden, “Changed Relations between the State and the Church of Sweden”, http://www.sst.a.se/download/18.4c1b31c91325af4dad3800015546/1377188428760/Fact+sheet+about+state-church+relations.pdf, (04.08.2015).
  • Pettersson, Per. “State and Religion in Sweden: Ambiguity Between Disestablishment and Religious Control”, Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, Cilt:24, Sayı:2, 2011, ss. 119–135.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seray Kılıç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Ekim 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 46

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Kılıç, Seray. “İSVEÇ’TE DİN VE DEVLET İLİŞKİLERİNİN SEKÜLERLEŞME BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 46 (Aralık 2017), 221-251. https://doi.org/10.21054/deuifd.404787.