Bir Kamu Politikası Olarak Mali Konsolidasyon: Kavramsal ve Teorik Çerçeve

Öz

Mali konsolidasyon, genel anlamda hükümet harcamalarının azaltılması ve kamu borçlarının GSYH içerisindeki payının düşürülmesi için gerekli politikaların uygulanmasıdır. Bu politikalar gerek vergi gerekse de harcama yönüyle ele alınarak mali disiplinin sağlanmasında ve borç stokunun minimize edilmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu açıdan uygulanan mali konsolidasyon politikalarının önemi, ekonomik büyümeye ve iktisadi hayata olumsuz etkiler yapmadan mali disiplinin sağlanmasıdır. Mali konsolidasyonun başarısı veya başarısızlığını belirlemede söz konusu etkilerin yanında konsolidasyon kavramının, dönemlerinin ve başarı kriterlerinin de ortaya konulması önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, söz konusu kriterler üzerinde literatürde ortak bir görüşün olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mali Konsolidasyon, Bütçe Açıkları, Hükümet Harcamaları, Kamu Ekonomisi

Fiscal Consolidation As a Public Policy: Conceptual and Theoretical Framework

Öz

Fiscal consolidation is the implementation of policies to reduce government expenditures and the public debt ratio to GDP. These policies are used to ensure fiscal discipline and minimize the debt stock by either tax or expenditure side. In this respect, the importance of fiscal consolidation policy is to ensure fiscal discipline without making negative effects on economic growth and economic life. Besides the conceptual framework, periods and the success criteria of fiscal consolidation are important factors for evaluating the success or failure of fiscal consolidation. In this study, it has been identified that there is no consensus on these criteria in the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fiscal Consolidation, Budget Deficits,Government Spending, Public Economy

Kaynakça

1. AGNELLO, L., CASTRO, V., SOUSA, M. R. (2012), “What Determines the Duration of A Fiscal Consolidation Program?”, NIPE Working Paper, 17, 1-35.
2. AHREND, R., CATTE, P., PRICE, W.R. (2006), “Interactions between Monetary and Fiscal Policy: How Monetary Conditions Affect Fiscal Consolidation”, OECD Economics Department Working Paper, 521, 1-44.
3. ALESINA, A., ARDAGNA, S. (1998), “Tales of Fiscal Adjustments: Why They can be Expansionary”, Economic Policy, 27, 489 - 545.
4. ALESINA, A., ARDAGNA, S. (2009), “Large Changes in Fiscal Policy: Taxes vs. Spending”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper,15438, 1-37.
5. ALESINA, A., ARDAGNA, S. (2012), “The Design of Fiscal Adjustments”, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18423, 1-53.
6. ALESINA, A., PEROTTI, R. (1995), “Fiscal Expansions and Adjustments in OECD Countries”, NBER Working Paper, 5214, 1-38.
7. ALESINA, A., PEROTTI, R. (1997), “Fiscal Adjustments in OECD Countries: Composition and Macroeconomic Effects”, IMF Staff Papers, 44(2), 297-329.
8. ARDAGNA, S. (2004), “Fiscal Stabilizations: When Do They Work and Why?”, European Economic Review, 48(5), 1047-1074.

9. ASLANOĞLU, E. (2015), “Mali Konsolidasyon”, http://arsiv.ntv.com.tr/news/ 112748.asp, (02.06.2015).
10. BALDACCI, E., CLEMENTS, B., GUPTA, S., MULAS-GRANADOS, C. (2004), “Persistence of Fiscal Adjustments and Expenditure Composition in Low-Income Countries”, Helping Countries Develop, The Role of Fiscal Policy, (Ed. S. Gupta, B. Clements ve G. Inchauste), International Monetary Fund, Washington.
11. BARRIOS, S., LANGEDIJK, S., PENCH, L. (2010), “EU Fiscal Consolidation after the Financial Crisis-Lessons from Past Experiences”, 12th Banca d‟ Italia Public Finance Workshop Fiscal Policy, 561-595.
12. BELLE, V. E. (2012), “The Effect of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality”, Universiteit Gent Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, 1-71.
13. BERKMEN, S. P. (2011), “The Impact of Fiscal Consolidation and Structural Reforms on Growth in Japan”, IMF Working Paper, 11/13, 1-20.
14. BERTOLA, G., DRAZEN, A. (1993), “Trigger Points and Budget Cuts: Explaining the Effects of Fiscal Austerity”, American Economic Review, 83(1), 11- 26.
15. BLANCHARD, J. O. (1990), “Comment on Giavazzi and Pagano”, NBER Macroeconomics Annual, (Ed. S. Fischer), 5, 111–116.
16. COURNÈDE, B., GOUJARD, A., PİNA, Á., DE SERRES, A. (2013), “Choosing Fiscal Consolidation Instruments Compatible with Growth and Equity”, OECD Economic Policy Paper Series, 7, 1-42.
17. DEVRIES, P., GUAJARDO, J., LEIGH, D., PESCATORI, A. (2011), “A New Action-based Dataset of Fiscal Consolidation”, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Working Paper, No. WP/11/128, 1-90.
18. DÖKMEN, G., VURAL, T. (2011), “Maliye Politikalarının Keynesyen Olmayan Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği”, Maliye Dergisi, 161, 118-132.
19. EUROPEAN COMMISSION. (2007), “Public Finances in EMU” European Economy, No. 3, 1-449.
20. FELDSTEIN, M. (1982), “Government Deficits and Aggregate Demand”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 9, 1–20.
21. GIAVAZZI, F., PAGANO, M. (1996), “Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy Changes: International Evidence and The Swedish Experience”, Swedish Economic Policy Review, 3(3), 76-103.
22. GUICHARD, S., KENNEDY, M., WURZEL, E., ANDRE, C. (2007), “What Promotes Fiscal Consolidation: OECD Country Experiences”, OECD Economics Department Working Paper, 553, 1-37.
23. HEYLEN, F., HOEBEECK, A., BUYSE, T. (2011), “Fiscal Consolidation, Institutions and Institutional Reform: A Multivariate Analysis of Public Debt Dynamics”, Universiteit Gent Working Paper, 763, 1-41.
24. ILLERA, M. R., MULAS-GRANADOS, C. (2002), “Duration of Fiscal Budgetary Consolidations in the European Union”, European Economy Group Working Paper, 18, 1-31.
25. ILO. (2014), “Social Protection Global Policy Trends 2010-2015: From Fiscal Consolidation to Expanding Social Protection: Key To Crisis Recovery, Inclusive Development and Social Justice”, International Labour Organization Social Protection Policy Papers, 1-77.
26. IMF. (2012), “Taking Stock A Progress Report on Fiscal Adjustment”, World Economic and Financial Surveys, Fiscal Monitor October, 1-115.
27. IMF. (2015), “Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth”, IMF Policy Paper, 1-256.
28. LARCH, M., TURRINI, A. (2011), “Received Wisdom And Beyond: Lessons From Fiscal Consolidation in The EU”, National Institute Economic Review, 217(1), 1-18.
29. MCDERMOTT, J., WESCOTT, R. F. (1996), “An Empirical Analysis of Fiscal Adjustments” IMF Working Paper, 43(4), 725-753.
30. MIERAU, O. J., JONG-A-PIN, R., DE HAAN, J. (2007), “Do Political Variables Affect Fiscal Policy Adjustment Decisions? New Empirical Evidence”, Public Choice, 133(3-4), 297-319.
31. MIRDALA, R. (2014), “Periods of Fiscal Consolidation in Selected European Economies”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 137 – 145.
32. MISSALE, A., GIAVAZZI, F., BENIGNO, P. (1997), “Managing The Public Debt: The Optimal Taxation Approach”, Journal of Economic Statistics, 11(3), 235-265.
33. MOLNAR, M. (2012), “Fiscal Consolidation: Part 5. What Factors Determine the Success of Consolidation Efforts?”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 936, 1-28.
34. MULAS-GRANADOS, C. (2002), “The Political Economy of Fiscal Adjustments in the EU”, Institute Juan March Working Paper, No. 174.
35. NAUSCHNIGG, F. (2010), “Growth-Friendly Fiscal Consolidation”, European Economic and Employment Policy, 4, 1-6.
36. OECD. (2011), “Fiscal Consolidation: Targets, Plans and Measures”, OECD Journal on Budgeting, 11(2), 13-67.
37. OECD. (2012), “What are the Best Policy Instruments for Fiscal Consolidation?”, OECD Economics Department Policy Notes, 12, 1-12.
38. ÖZATAY, F. (2008), “Expansionary Fiscal Consolidations: New Evidence from Turkey”, Economic Research Forum Working Paper Series, 406, 1-25.
39. ROEGER, W., VELD, J., VOGEL, L. (2010), “Fiscal Consolidation in Germany”, Review of European Economic Policy –Intereconomics, 45(6), 364-371.
40. STEINHERR, A., VANHOUDT, P., FISCHBACH, M. (2001), “Fiscal Adjustments and Growth in Europe”, European Investment Bank Working Paper, 1-19.
41. SUTHERLAND, D., HOELLER, P., MEROLA, R. (2012), “Fiscal Consolidation: How Much, How Fast and by What Means?”, OECD Economic Policy Papers, No. 1, 1-31.
42. TAGKALAKIS, A. (2009), ”Fiscal Adjustment: Do Labor and Product Market Institutions Matter?”, Public Choice,139(3), 389-411.
43. TATUM, M. (2015), “What is Fiscal Consolidation”, http://www.wisegeek.com/ what-is-fiscal-consolidation.htm, (02.06.2015).
44. TAVARES, J. (2004), “Does Right or Left Matter? Cabinets, Credibility and Fiscal Adjustment”, Journal of Public Economics, 88, 2447-2468.
45. VON HAGEN, J., STRAUCH, R. R. (2001), “Fiscal Consolidations: Quality, Economic Conditions and Succes”, Public Choice, 109, 327-346.