Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 36 - 40, 09.05.2015
Öz
Objective: Menopause leads to changes in hormonal status, metabolism and lipid profile. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of menopause and age on lipid profile in women. Methods: This study included 160 postmenopausal and 260 premenopausal healthy women. Serum lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were estimated. Premenopausal women were further arranged in to two different age group of 22-45 years and above 45 years of age. The premenopausal and postmenopausal women were recruited and classified using a comprehensive questionnaire. Results: There were statistically significant increases in TC, LDL-C, TG and AIP but there was no significant difference in HDL-C level between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Only LDL-C level was significantly increased in premenopausal women above 45 years of age compared with the premenopausal women between 22-45 years of age. Conclusion: Menopause alters lipid profile. Atherogenic index of plasma which is a marker of plasma atherogenicity may be used to asses risk of developing atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. Menopause and
- the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med
- ;316:1105-1110.
- Hsia J, Barad D, Margolis K, et al. Usefulness of prior hysterectomy
- as an independent predictor of Framingham
- risk score (The Women’s Health Initiative). Am J Cardiol
- ;92:264 -269.
- Matthan MR, Jalbert SM, Lamon-Fava S, et al. TRL, IDL,
- and LDL Apolipoprotein B-100 and HDL Apolipoprotein
- A-I kinetics as a function of age and menopausal status.
- Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:1691-1696.
- National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel
- on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
- Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third
- Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program
- (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment
- of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment
- Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143-3421.
- Hokanson JE, Austin MA. Plasma triglyceride level is a risk
- factor to cardio vascular disease independent of high density
- lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population
- based prospective studies. J Cardiovasc Risk 1996;
- :213-219.
- Guerin M, Legoff W, Lassel TS, et al. Proatherogenic role of
- elevated CE transfer from HDL to VLDL and dense LDL
- in type 2 diabetics. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;
- :282-287.
- Dobiásová M, Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/
- HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: Correlation with lipoprotein
- particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoproteindepleted
- plasma (FER (HDL)). Clin Biochem 2001;34:583-
- -
- Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, et al. Recommendations
- for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional
- echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography
- Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of
- Two- Dimensional Echocardiograms. J Am Soc Echocardiogr
- ;2:358-367.
- Xing D, Nozell S, Chen Y, et al. Estrogen and Mechanisms
- of Vascular Protection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
- ;29:289-295.
- Ramos RG, Olden K. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome
- among US women of childbearing age, Am J Public
- Health 2008;98:1122-1127.
- Wu ZY, Wu XK, Zhang YW. Relationship of menopausal
- status and sex hormones to serum lipids and blood pressure.
- Int J Epidemiol 1990;19: 297-302.
- Poehlman ET, Toth MJ, Ades PA, Rosen CJ. Menopauseassociated
- changes in plasma lipids, insulin-like growth
- factor I and blood pressure: a longitudinal study. Eur J Clin
- Invest 1997;27:322-326.
- Stevenson JC, Crook D, Godsland IF. Influence of age and
- menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy
- women. Atherosclerosis 1993; 98:83-90.
- Matthews KA, Meilahn E, Kuller LH, et al. Menopause
- and risk factors for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med.
- ;321:641- 646.
- Davis CE, Pajak A, Rywik S, et al. Natural menopause and
- cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Poland and US Collaborative Study on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology.
- Ann Epidemiol 1994;4:445-448.
- Brown SA, Hutchinson R, Morrisett J, et al. Plasma lipid,
- lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein distributions in selected
- US communities. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
- (ARIC) Study. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:1139-1158.
- Demirovic J, Sprafka JM, Folsom AR, et al. Menopause
- and serum cholesterol: differences between blacks and
- whites. The Minnesota Heart Survey. Am J Epidemiol
- ;136:155-164.
- Bonithon-Kopp C, Scarabin PY, Darne B, et al. Menopauserelated
- changes in lipoproteins and some other cardiovascular
- risk factors. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:42-48.
- The writing group for the PEPI trial. Effects of estrogen or
- estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in
- postmenopausal women. JAMA 1995;273:199-208.
- Rosano GM, Fini M. Postmenopausal women and cardiovascular
- risk: impact of hormone replacement therapy. Cardiol
- Rev 2002;10:51-60.
- Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, et al. Triglycerides and
- the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases
- among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective
- studies. Circulation 2007;115:450-458.
- Patel A, Barzi F, Jamrozik K, et al. Serum triglycerides as
- a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in the Asia-Pacific
- region. Circulation 2004;110:2678-2686.
- da Luz PL, Favarato D, Faria-Neto JR Jr, et al. Highratio of
- triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol predicts extensive coronary
- disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2008;63:427-432.
- Gaziano JM, Henne kens CH, O.Donnell CJ, et al. Fasting
- triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, and risk of myocardial
- infarction. Circulation 1997;96:2520-2525.
- Nwagha UI, Ikekpeazu EJ, Ejezie FE, et al. Atherogenic
- index of plasma as useful predictor of cardiovascular risk
- among postmenopausal women in Enugu, Nigeria. Afr
- Health Sci 2010;10:248-252.
- Söğüt E, Avcı E, Üstüner F, Arıkan E. Serum aterojenite indeksi
- olarak (TG/HDL-K) oranının değerlendirilmesi. Türk
- Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2006; 4:1-8.
- Usoro CAO, Adikwuru CC, Usoro IN, Nsonwu AC. Lipid
- profile of postmenopausal women in Calabar, Nigeria. Pak
- J Nutr 2006;5:79-82.
- Haarbo J, Hassager C, Schlemmer A, Christianson C, Influence
- of smoking, body fat distribution and alcohol consumption
- on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins
- in early postmenopausal women, Atherosclerosis, 1990;84:
- -244.
- Onat A. Lipids, Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins among
- Turks, and impact on coronary heart disease - Invited Review.
- Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2004;4:236-245.
- Kozan Ö, Oğuz A, Abacı A, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic
- syndrome among Turkish adults. Eur J Clin Nutr
- ;61:548-553.
- Açık Y, Sezer E, Sezer H. Frequency and distribution of
- risk factors for coronary heart disease in the adult population
- of rural district of Elazıg Turkey. Turk J Med Sci
- ;29:265-272.
- Igweh JC, Nwagha IU, Okaro JM. The effects of menopause
- on the serum lipid profile of normal females of South
- East Nigeria. Nigerian J Physiol Sci 2005;20:48-53.
Premenopozal ve postmenopozal kadınlarda lipit profili ve plazma aterojenik indeksinin karşılaştırılması
Öz
Amaç: Menopoz ile birlikte hormonal durum, metabolizma ve lipit profilinde bir takım değişiklikler meydana gelir. Çalışmamızın amacı yaşın ve menopozun lipit profilinde meydana getirdiği değişiklikleri incelemektir. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya sağlıklı 160 postmenopozal ve 260 premenopozal kadın alındı. Tüm olgulara bir anket formu doldurtuldu. Tüm olguların total kolesterol (TK), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-K), düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-K), trigliserid (TG) ve plazma aterojenik indeksi (PAI) değerlendirildi. Premenopozal kadınlar ayrıca 22-45 yaş ile ve 45 yaş üzeri olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Menopoz sonrası kadınlarda TK, LDL-K, TG ve PAI değerleri anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken, HDL-K seviyesinde anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Kırk beş yaş üzeri premenopozal kadınlarda sadece LDL-K seviyesi anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Menopoz lipit profilinde değişiklikler ile birliktedir. Plazma aterojenitesi için bir belirleyici olan PAI, postmenopozal kadınlarda ateroskleroz riski için kullanılabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Menopoz, lipit profili, plazma aterojenik indeksi.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. Menopause and
- the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med
- ;316:1105-1110.
- Hsia J, Barad D, Margolis K, et al. Usefulness of prior hysterectomy
- as an independent predictor of Framingham
- risk score (The Women’s Health Initiative). Am J Cardiol
- ;92:264 -269.
- Matthan MR, Jalbert SM, Lamon-Fava S, et al. TRL, IDL,
- and LDL Apolipoprotein B-100 and HDL Apolipoprotein
- A-I kinetics as a function of age and menopausal status.
- Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:1691-1696.
- National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel
- on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
- Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third
- Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program
- (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment
- of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment
- Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143-3421.
- Hokanson JE, Austin MA. Plasma triglyceride level is a risk
- factor to cardio vascular disease independent of high density
- lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population
- based prospective studies. J Cardiovasc Risk 1996;
- :213-219.
- Guerin M, Legoff W, Lassel TS, et al. Proatherogenic role of
- elevated CE transfer from HDL to VLDL and dense LDL
- in type 2 diabetics. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;
- :282-287.
- Dobiásová M, Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/
- HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: Correlation with lipoprotein
- particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoproteindepleted
- plasma (FER (HDL)). Clin Biochem 2001;34:583-
- -
- Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, et al. Recommendations
- for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional
- echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography
- Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of
- Two- Dimensional Echocardiograms. J Am Soc Echocardiogr
- ;2:358-367.
- Xing D, Nozell S, Chen Y, et al. Estrogen and Mechanisms
- of Vascular Protection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
- ;29:289-295.
- Ramos RG, Olden K. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome
- among US women of childbearing age, Am J Public
- Health 2008;98:1122-1127.
- Wu ZY, Wu XK, Zhang YW. Relationship of menopausal
- status and sex hormones to serum lipids and blood pressure.
- Int J Epidemiol 1990;19: 297-302.
- Poehlman ET, Toth MJ, Ades PA, Rosen CJ. Menopauseassociated
- changes in plasma lipids, insulin-like growth
- factor I and blood pressure: a longitudinal study. Eur J Clin
- Invest 1997;27:322-326.
- Stevenson JC, Crook D, Godsland IF. Influence of age and
- menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy
- women. Atherosclerosis 1993; 98:83-90.
- Matthews KA, Meilahn E, Kuller LH, et al. Menopause
- and risk factors for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med.
- ;321:641- 646.
- Davis CE, Pajak A, Rywik S, et al. Natural menopause and
- cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Poland and US Collaborative Study on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology.
- Ann Epidemiol 1994;4:445-448.
- Brown SA, Hutchinson R, Morrisett J, et al. Plasma lipid,
- lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein distributions in selected
- US communities. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
- (ARIC) Study. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:1139-1158.
- Demirovic J, Sprafka JM, Folsom AR, et al. Menopause
- and serum cholesterol: differences between blacks and
- whites. The Minnesota Heart Survey. Am J Epidemiol
- ;136:155-164.
- Bonithon-Kopp C, Scarabin PY, Darne B, et al. Menopauserelated
- changes in lipoproteins and some other cardiovascular
- risk factors. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:42-48.
- The writing group for the PEPI trial. Effects of estrogen or
- estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in
- postmenopausal women. JAMA 1995;273:199-208.
- Rosano GM, Fini M. Postmenopausal women and cardiovascular
- risk: impact of hormone replacement therapy. Cardiol
- Rev 2002;10:51-60.
- Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, et al. Triglycerides and
- the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases
- among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective
- studies. Circulation 2007;115:450-458.
- Patel A, Barzi F, Jamrozik K, et al. Serum triglycerides as
- a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in the Asia-Pacific
- region. Circulation 2004;110:2678-2686.
- da Luz PL, Favarato D, Faria-Neto JR Jr, et al. Highratio of
- triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol predicts extensive coronary
- disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2008;63:427-432.
- Gaziano JM, Henne kens CH, O.Donnell CJ, et al. Fasting
- triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, and risk of myocardial
- infarction. Circulation 1997;96:2520-2525.
- Nwagha UI, Ikekpeazu EJ, Ejezie FE, et al. Atherogenic
- index of plasma as useful predictor of cardiovascular risk
- among postmenopausal women in Enugu, Nigeria. Afr
- Health Sci 2010;10:248-252.
- Söğüt E, Avcı E, Üstüner F, Arıkan E. Serum aterojenite indeksi
- olarak (TG/HDL-K) oranının değerlendirilmesi. Türk
- Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2006; 4:1-8.
- Usoro CAO, Adikwuru CC, Usoro IN, Nsonwu AC. Lipid
- profile of postmenopausal women in Calabar, Nigeria. Pak
- J Nutr 2006;5:79-82.
- Haarbo J, Hassager C, Schlemmer A, Christianson C, Influence
- of smoking, body fat distribution and alcohol consumption
- on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins
- in early postmenopausal women, Atherosclerosis, 1990;84:
- -244.
- Onat A. Lipids, Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins among
- Turks, and impact on coronary heart disease - Invited Review.
- Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2004;4:236-245.
- Kozan Ö, Oğuz A, Abacı A, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic
- syndrome among Turkish adults. Eur J Clin Nutr
- ;61:548-553.
- Açık Y, Sezer E, Sezer H. Frequency and distribution of
- risk factors for coronary heart disease in the adult population
- of rural district of Elazıg Turkey. Turk J Med Sci
- ;29:265-272.
- Igweh JC, Nwagha IU, Okaro JM. The effects of menopause
- on the serum lipid profile of normal females of South
- East Nigeria. Nigerian J Physiol Sci 2005;20:48-53.
Toplam 118 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Yazıları |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 9 Mayıs 2015 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Mayıs 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1 |