Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Beliefs About Learning A New Language After 45 Years Old

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 168 Sayı: 1, 21 - 42, 01.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Dilder_0000000236

Öz

In Turkey, where life expectancy increases steadily, a very small amount of elder people are attending foreign language learning courses. In order to have a better understanding, this study focuses on the question whether beliefs of people from different age groups are effective in this manner. To examine the different age groups’ beliefs, an online questionnaire was conducted. While deciding on the statements of the questionnaire, popular assumptions and Turkish cultural beliefs were taken into consideration. The findings revealed that although participants find some languages harder to learn they believe that attitude plays a major role in language learning and it is easier to learn a new language for a person who has already learnt one. Most of the participants believe that, learning a new language may prevent dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The results show that, people from different ages think in favour of learning a new language after 45-years-old

Kaynakça

  • Bailey Jr, D.B., Bruer, J.T., Symons, F.J. & Lichtman, J.W. (2001) Critical Thinking about Critical Periods. A Series from the National Center for Early Development and Learning. Brookes Publishing.
  • Brookfield, S. (1995) Adult learning: An overview. International Encyclopaedia of Education 10, 375- 380.
  • Brown, A.L., Kane, M.J.& Long, C. (1989) Analogical transfer in young children: Analogies as tools for communication and exposition. Applied Cognitive Psychology 3, 275-293.
  • Chen, H.C. & Leung, Y.S. (1989) Patterns of lexical processing in a nonnative language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 15(2), 316-325.
  • Cohen, G.D. (2003) Aging and Mental Health. The Merck Manual of Geriatrics. Retrieved from http:// www.merck.com/pubs/mm_geriatrics/sec4/ch32.htm
  • Dewey, J. (1986) Experience and education. The Educational Forum 50 (3), 241-252.
  • Epstein, S.D., Flynn, S.& Martohardjono, G. (1996) Second language acquisition: Theoretical and experimental issues in contemporary research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (04), 677-714.
  • Flege, J.E., Yeni-Komshian, G.H.&Liu, S. (1999) Age constraints on second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language 41(1), 78-104.
  • Gibbons, L.A.R. (2003) Older Adults Learning Online Technologies: A Qualitative Case Study of the Experience and the Process. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
  • Hakuta, K (2001) A critical period for second language acquisition. Critical Thinking about Critical Periods, 193-205.
  • http://www.indexmundi.com/turkey/age_structure.html
  • Ioup, G., Boustagui, E., Tigi, M.E.& Moselle, M. (1994) Reexamining the critical period hypothesis: A case study of successful adult SLA in a naturalistic environment. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16, 73–98.
  • Johnson, J.S. (1992) Critical period effects in second language acquisition: The effect of written versus auditory materials in the assessment of grammatical competence. Language Learning 42, 217-248.
  • Johnson, J.S.& Newport, E.L. (1989) Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology 21, 60-99.
  • Johnson, J.S.& Newport, E.L. (1991) Critical period effects on universal properties of language: The status of subjacency in the acquisition of a second language. Cognition 39, 215-258.
  • Kemper, S. (1992) Language and aging. In F.I.M. Craik and T.A. Salthouse (eds), The Handbook of Aging and Cognition (pp. 213-270). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Knowles, M.S. (1968) Andragogy Not Pedagogy, Adult Leadership 16 (10), 350-386.
  • Knowles, M. S., Holton III, E. F.& Swanson, R. A. (2014). The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development. Routledge.
  • Krashen, S. (1973) Lateralization, language learning, and the critical period. Language Learning 23, 63-74.
  • Laslett, P. (1989) A Fresh Map of Life: The Emergence of the Third Age. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
  • Lenneberg, E.H. (1967) Biological Foundations of Language. New York: Wiley.
  • Marinova‐Todd, S.H., Marshall, D.B. & Snow, C.E. (2000) Three misconceptions about age and L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly 34 (1), 9-34.
  • Monstad, S.J. (2006) Gerontology and ICT. Document prepared for the 2. ICT50+ seminar, Castellon, Spain. Retrieved from www.ict50plus.uji.es/eng/results/lsn-gerontology50plus.pdf
  • Oyama, S. (1976) A sensitive period for the acquisition of a nonnative phonological system. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 5, 261-283.
  • Patkowski, M. (1980) The sensitive period for the acquisition of syntax in a second language. Language Learning 30, 449-472.
  • Patkowski, M. (1994) The critical age hypothesis and interlanguage phonology. In M. Yavas (ed.), First and Second Language Phonology (pp. 205-221). San Diego: Singular Publishing Group.
  • Paradis, M. (2004) A Neurolinguistic Theory of Bilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Penfield, W. & Roberts, L. (1959) Speech and Brain Mechanisms. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Pinker, S. (1994) The Language Instinct. New York: W. Morrow and Co.
  • Schleppegrell, M. (1987) The Older Language Learner. Retrieved from ericae.net/edo/ed287313. htm.
  • Singleton, D.M. & Lengyel, Z. (eds) (1995) The Age Factor in Second Language Acquisition: A Critical Look at the Critical Period Hypothesis. Multilingual Matters.
  • Skehan, P. (1998) A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Withnall, A. (2002) Three decades of educational gerontology: Achievements and challenges. Education and Ageing 17 (1), 87-102.
  • Zare, H., Gaskin, D.J. & Anderson, G. (2015) Variations in life expectancy in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries–1985–2010. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 43, 786–795.

45 Yaşından Sonra Yeni Bir Dil Öğrenmeye İlişkin İnanışlar

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 168 Sayı: 1, 21 - 42, 01.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Dilder_0000000236

Öz

İlişkin İnanışlarOrtalama yaşam süresinin hızla artmakta olduğu Türkiye’de erişkin yaş grubunda olup - bu çalışma kapsamında 45 yaş ve üzeri kişiler- yeni bir dil öğrenmeye başlayan öğrencilerin sayısı genç öğrencilere oranla oldukça azdır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu durumun halkın inanışlarından mı kaynaklandığını araştırmak amacıyla farklı yaş gruplarından insanların konuya ilişkin görüşlerini, inanışlarını sormuştur. Araştırmanın veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılan çevrimiçi sormacanın maddeleri, Türk kültürüne ve yaygın varsayımlarına dayandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, katılımcıların bazı dilleri öğrenmenin daha zor olduğu ve tutumun dil öğrenmede önemli bir yer tuttuğunu düşündükleri ve daha önce en az bir yabancı dil öğrenmiş olan kişilerin yeni bir dil öğrenmelerinin daha kolay olduğuna inandıklarını göstermektedir. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun yeni bir dil öğrenmenin bunamayı ve Alzheimer hastalığını engelleyeceğini düşündükleri de görülmektedir. Çalışmaya katılan farklı yaş gruplarından katılımcılar, 45 yaşından sonra yeni bir dil öğrenmeye başlanabileceği ve başarılı olunabileceği görüşündedirler

Kaynakça

  • Bailey Jr, D.B., Bruer, J.T., Symons, F.J. & Lichtman, J.W. (2001) Critical Thinking about Critical Periods. A Series from the National Center for Early Development and Learning. Brookes Publishing.
  • Brookfield, S. (1995) Adult learning: An overview. International Encyclopaedia of Education 10, 375- 380.
  • Brown, A.L., Kane, M.J.& Long, C. (1989) Analogical transfer in young children: Analogies as tools for communication and exposition. Applied Cognitive Psychology 3, 275-293.
  • Chen, H.C. & Leung, Y.S. (1989) Patterns of lexical processing in a nonnative language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 15(2), 316-325.
  • Cohen, G.D. (2003) Aging and Mental Health. The Merck Manual of Geriatrics. Retrieved from http:// www.merck.com/pubs/mm_geriatrics/sec4/ch32.htm
  • Dewey, J. (1986) Experience and education. The Educational Forum 50 (3), 241-252.
  • Epstein, S.D., Flynn, S.& Martohardjono, G. (1996) Second language acquisition: Theoretical and experimental issues in contemporary research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (04), 677-714.
  • Flege, J.E., Yeni-Komshian, G.H.&Liu, S. (1999) Age constraints on second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language 41(1), 78-104.
  • Gibbons, L.A.R. (2003) Older Adults Learning Online Technologies: A Qualitative Case Study of the Experience and the Process. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
  • Hakuta, K (2001) A critical period for second language acquisition. Critical Thinking about Critical Periods, 193-205.
  • http://www.indexmundi.com/turkey/age_structure.html
  • Ioup, G., Boustagui, E., Tigi, M.E.& Moselle, M. (1994) Reexamining the critical period hypothesis: A case study of successful adult SLA in a naturalistic environment. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16, 73–98.
  • Johnson, J.S. (1992) Critical period effects in second language acquisition: The effect of written versus auditory materials in the assessment of grammatical competence. Language Learning 42, 217-248.
  • Johnson, J.S.& Newport, E.L. (1989) Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology 21, 60-99.
  • Johnson, J.S.& Newport, E.L. (1991) Critical period effects on universal properties of language: The status of subjacency in the acquisition of a second language. Cognition 39, 215-258.
  • Kemper, S. (1992) Language and aging. In F.I.M. Craik and T.A. Salthouse (eds), The Handbook of Aging and Cognition (pp. 213-270). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Knowles, M.S. (1968) Andragogy Not Pedagogy, Adult Leadership 16 (10), 350-386.
  • Knowles, M. S., Holton III, E. F.& Swanson, R. A. (2014). The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development. Routledge.
  • Krashen, S. (1973) Lateralization, language learning, and the critical period. Language Learning 23, 63-74.
  • Laslett, P. (1989) A Fresh Map of Life: The Emergence of the Third Age. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
  • Lenneberg, E.H. (1967) Biological Foundations of Language. New York: Wiley.
  • Marinova‐Todd, S.H., Marshall, D.B. & Snow, C.E. (2000) Three misconceptions about age and L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly 34 (1), 9-34.
  • Monstad, S.J. (2006) Gerontology and ICT. Document prepared for the 2. ICT50+ seminar, Castellon, Spain. Retrieved from www.ict50plus.uji.es/eng/results/lsn-gerontology50plus.pdf
  • Oyama, S. (1976) A sensitive period for the acquisition of a nonnative phonological system. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 5, 261-283.
  • Patkowski, M. (1980) The sensitive period for the acquisition of syntax in a second language. Language Learning 30, 449-472.
  • Patkowski, M. (1994) The critical age hypothesis and interlanguage phonology. In M. Yavas (ed.), First and Second Language Phonology (pp. 205-221). San Diego: Singular Publishing Group.
  • Paradis, M. (2004) A Neurolinguistic Theory of Bilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Penfield, W. & Roberts, L. (1959) Speech and Brain Mechanisms. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Pinker, S. (1994) The Language Instinct. New York: W. Morrow and Co.
  • Schleppegrell, M. (1987) The Older Language Learner. Retrieved from ericae.net/edo/ed287313. htm.
  • Singleton, D.M. & Lengyel, Z. (eds) (1995) The Age Factor in Second Language Acquisition: A Critical Look at the Critical Period Hypothesis. Multilingual Matters.
  • Skehan, P. (1998) A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Withnall, A. (2002) Three decades of educational gerontology: Achievements and challenges. Education and Ageing 17 (1), 87-102.
  • Zare, H., Gaskin, D.J. & Anderson, G. (2015) Variations in life expectancy in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries–1985–2010. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 43, 786–795.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sıla Ay Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 168 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ay, S. (2017). 45 Yaşından Sonra Yeni Bir Dil Öğrenmeye İlişkin İnanışlar. Dil Dergisi, 168(1), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1501/Dilder_0000000236