ZENGİN UYUM DİLLERİNDE ÖRTÜK VE AÇIK ÖZNELER

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 171 Sayı: 2, 119 - 159, 07.07.2020

Kadri Kuram

https://doi.org/10.33690/dilder.709105

Öz

Chomsky’nin (1982) Genişletilmiş Yansıtma İlkesi (GYİ) öznenin gönderiminin eylem üzerindeki uyum biçimbirimi veya uyumun olmadığı durumlarda söylemden çıkarılabildiği dillerde ihlâl edilmektedir. Örtük özne olgusu olarak bilinen bu durum kuramsal dilbilim alanında çokça tartışma ve araştırmanın konusu olmuştur. Ayrıca, bu dillerde örtük özneler o kadar yaygındır ki özneler ancak belli koşullarda açık özne olarak gerçekleşir. Ancak bu koşullar sağlandığında özne açık olarak görünmek zorundadır. Yani, söylem koşulları yerine getirildiğinde ne olursa olsun özne açık olmak zorundadır. Bu makalede, bir örtük özne dili olan Türkçede öznelerin hangi koşullarda ve neden örtük veya açık olmak zorunda olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Bu tartışmanın bir parçası olarak da Holmberg’in (2005, 2010a) örtük özne tipolojisi için önerdiği kuramsal açıklama ile örtüşmeyen veriler sunulmaktadır. Makale ayrıca Roberts’ın (2010) özne slime önerisinin daha basit bir versiyonunu sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Örtük özne değiştirgeni, fakirleştirme, adıl silme, genel gönderimli örtük özne, belirtililik

NULL/OVERT SUBJECTS IN RICH AGREEMENT LANGUAGES

Öz

Chomsky’s (1982) Extended Projection Principle (EPP) seems to be voided in some languages where the reference of subject can be recovered either from the agreement morphology on verb or from discourse where agreement is not available. Known as the null subject phenomenon, this has sparkled a great deal of discussion and cross-linguistic research in theoretical linguistics. Furthermore, null subjects are so common in null subject languages that subjects can only surface under strict conditions. Yet when these conditions are met null subject languages behave like non-null subject languages. That is, under the right discourse conditions subjects have to be overt regardless. I investigate in this paper how and why subjects remain unexpressed as well as how and why they have to be expressed in a null subject language; namely Turkish. In doing so, I reveal novel data contradicting the predictions made by Holmberg (2005, 2010a) regarding the theoretical account and classification of null subject languages. Finally, I offer a minimalist version of the subject deletion method developed by Roberts (2010) for null subjects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Null subject parameter, impoverishment, pro deletion, generic null subject, definiteness, discourse roles

Kaynakça

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