KÜRESELLEŞMENİN ONTOLOJİSİ: TEKDÜZE BİR KÜRENİN YÜKSELİŞİ KARŞISINDA DÜNYALARIN KAYBOLUŞU

Öz

Kant’ın eleştirel felsefesine kadar, “doğa”dan bağımsız olarak “dünya”nın kendisinden bahsetmek mümkün değildi. Kant’tan sonra dünya, tarihsel bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmeye ve buna bağlı olarak doğaldan ziyade tarihsel bir fenomen olarak görülmeye başlandı. Bu sayede düşünce tarihinde farklı dünyalardan bahsedebilmek mümkün oldu. Ancak günümüzde küreselleşme, bu farklı dünyaları aralarındaki farkları yok ederek gittikçe tek tip bir tarihsel küre olmaya doğru itiyor. Bu yazıda, küreselleşme sorununu “çoklu tarihsel dünyalardan tek tip bir tarihsel küreye” geçiş olarak ele alıyorum. “Doğa”dan “dünya”ya ve “dünya”dan “küre”ye geçişleri analiz ederek, “dünyada ikamet etme” ve “yeryüzünü koruma” fikrinin giderek “dünyaya hâkim olma” ve “yeryüzüne sahip olma” fikrine nasıl dönüştüğüne odaklanıyorum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğa
• Dünya
• Küreselleşme
• “Dünyada İkamet Etmek”
• “Yeryüzünü Korumak”
• “Dünyaya Hâkim Olmak”
• “Yeryüzüne Sahip Olmak”

THE ONTOLOGY OF GLOBALIZATION: THE LOSS OF WORLDS IN THE FACE OF RISING A UNIFORM GLOBE

Öz

Up until Kant’s critical philosophy, it was not easy to speak of the “world” itself as distinct from “nature”. After Kant, the world began to be considered from a historical perspective. Therefore, the world came to be considered as historical rather than natural, which is why it is possible to speak of different worlds in the history of thought. However, globalization more and more drives these different worlds into a uniform historical globe. In this paper, I consider the question of globalization as a passage “from multiple historical worlds to a uniform historical globe”. By analyzing the passages from “nature” to the “world” and from the “world” to the “globe,” I focus on how the idea of “dwelling in the world” and of “saving the earth” has increasingly transformed into the idea of “dominating the world” and of “owning the earth”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nature
• World
• Globalization
• “Dwelling in the world”
• “Saving the earth”
• “Dominating the world”
• “Owning the earth”.

Kaynakça

1. Aristotle. Complete Works. Ed. Jonathan Barnes. Vol. 1, ‘Physics’. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
2. Bauman, Zygmunt. Globalization: The Human Consequences. Oxford: Polity, 2005.
3. Beyer, Peter. ‘Globalization and Glocalization’ in the SAGE handbook of the sociology of religion. Ed. James A. Beckford and N.J. Demerath III. London: SAGE Publication, 2007.
4. Fischbach, Franck. Temps, Espace et Capital. Paris: J. Vrin, 2011.
5. Gaston, Sean. The Concept of World from Kant to Derrida. London & New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013.
6. Giddens, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.
7. Grondin, Jean. Introduction to Philosophical Hermeneutics. Trans. Joel Weinsheimer. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994.
8. Hegel, G. W. Encyclopédie des Sciences Philosophiques. Vol. 2, ‘Philosophie de la Nature’. Trans. Bernard Bourgeois. Paris: J. Vrin, 2004.

9. Hegel, G. W. Encyclopédie des Sciences Philosophiques. Vol. 3, ‘Philosophie de l’Esprit’. Trans. Bernard Bourgeois. Paris: J. Vrin, 2006.
10. Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Trans. Joan Stambaugh. New York: SUNY, 1996.
11. Heidegger, Martin. Essais et Conférences. Trans. André Préau. Paris: Gallimard, 1980.
12. Heidegger, Martin. The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude. Trans. William McNeil and Nicholas Walker. Indiana: Indian University Press, 1995.
13. Heidegger, Martin. Poetry, Language, Thought. Trans. Albert Hofstadter. New York: Harper & Row, 2001.
14. Held, David, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt and Jonathan Perraton. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999.
15. Hirst, Paul. From Statism to Pluralism: Democracy, Civil Society and Global Politics. London: UCL Press, 1997.
16. Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
17. Latif, Muhammad Ijaz. ‘Globalization: Myth or Reality?’ Pakistan Horizon 63, no.4, 2010, 33-49.
18. Mann, Michael. ‘Has Globalization Ended the Rise and Rise of Nation-state?’ Review of International Political Economy 4, no 3, 1997, 472-496.
19. Marias, Julian. History of Philosophy. Trans. S. Appelbaum and C. C. Strowbridge. New York: Dover Publications, 1967.
20. Mittelman, James H. The Globalization Syndrome: Transformation and Resistance. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
21. Nancy, Jean –Luc. The Creation of the World or Globalization. Trans. François Raffoul and David Pettigrew. Albany: State University of New York, 2007.
22. Ohmae, Kenichi, ed. The Evolving Global Economy: Making Sense of the New World Order. Harvard: Harvard Business School Press, 1995.
23. Palmer, Richard E. Hermeneutics: Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, and Gadamer. Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1969.
24. Papaioannou, Kostas. ‘Nature et Histoire dans la Conception Grecque du Cosmos’, Diogène, 1959, 3-31.
25. Plato. Gorgias. Trans. Walter Hamilton and Chris Emlyn-Jones, London: Penguin Classics, 2004.
26. Robertson, Roland. ‘Glocalization: Time-Space and Homogeneity-Heterogeneity’. Global Modernities. Ed. Mike Featherstone, Scott Lash and Robertson. London: Sage Publications, 1995, 25-44.
27. Scholte, Jan A. Globalization: A Critical Introduction. London: Macmillan Press, 2000.
28. Winfield, Richard Dien. Conceiving Nature after Aristotle, Kant, and Hegel. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
29. Vaysse, Jean-Marie. Totalité et finitude. Spinoza et Heidegger. Paris: J. Vrin, 2004.