The Constituent Effect of Practice on the Modern Science: Solidarity between Homo Faber and Homo Economicus

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 36, 107 - 143, 01.06.2014

Selami Çalışkan

Öz

The acknowledgements of the emergence of Modern Science as a revolution in history of thought suppose that its epistemological foundations developed unique to the West and reached its sufficiency after the industrial revolution in determining the common needs of the society. In this work, about the background aspects of the developments in natural philosophy, we observed that the daily practices and the mechanical arts played crucial role in rivalry between the social classes for building an ontological security. The problem of the emblematic view of the outside world gave the opportunity for experimental science and mechanical arts to be the only way of producing knowledge suitable to phenomena. The continuity of this situation is ensured by the solidarity of the bourgeois and artisans as social classes giving existential struggle ending with high level of reputation in the society. As a result of this process, the controllable and verifiable knowledge order made a mental transformation towards the emergence of contemporary tekhne

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tekhne, Scientific Revolution, Mechanical Arts, Ontological Security, Homo economicus, Homo faber, Practice, Natural Philosophy, Quantification

Modern Bilimde Pratiğin Kurucu Etkisi: Homo Faber-Homo Economicus Dayanışması

Öz

Modern bilimin bir devrim olarak düşünce tarihinde belirmesine ilişkin kabuller, onun epistemolojik yapısının biricik bir unsur olarak Batı’ya has geliştiğini, bu yapının da zorunlu olarak Sanayi Devrimi ve sonrası modern toplumun pratik taleplerini düzenleyecek yetkinliğe ulaştığını öne sürmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda yeni bir yöntem üzerinden 16. yüzyıl boyunca Avrupa’da doğa felsefesi alanında ortaya çıkan gelişmelerin arka planına ilişkin olarak, “değişimlerin, ontolojik güven inşasında birinci derece rol oynayan günlük pratik deneyimlerin ve mekanik sanatların, toplumsal sınıf rekabetinde temel unsur olduğu” sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Dış dünyaya ilişkin simgesel algı problemi, vakıaya uygun bilgi üretiminde deneysel bilim ve mekanik sanatların tek kanal üzerinden ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu kanalın sürekliliği, yeni düzende etkin rol alan burjuva ve sanatkârların var olma mücadelesindeki dayanışmalarına bağlı olarak kalıcı hâle gelmiştir. Bu sürecin bir sonucu olarak ortak akıl ile denetlenebilir ve doğrulanabilir bilgi düzeni, zihniyet dönüşümüne sebep olmuş ve çağdaş tekhne ortaya çıkmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tekhne, Mekanik Sanatlar, Ontolojik Gü- venlik, Homo economicus, Homo faber, Pratik, Doğa Felsefesi, Nicelleştirme

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