Higher Peak and Mean Power Output, but Similar Fatigue Index in Amateur Footballers Compared to Sedentary Individuals

Öz

The purpose of this study was to compare anaerobic power and capacity indices derived from the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) between sedentary and recreationally active individuals. Fifteen sedentary males (age = 24.2 ± 2.84 years; body mass = 76.7 ± 10.6 kg; height = 177 ± 5.27 cm) and fifteen recreationally active males (age = 22.2 ± 2.34 years; body mass = 73.8 ± 6.92 kg; height = 178 ± 6.06 cm) voluntarily participated in the study. Anaerobic performance was assessed using a 30-s WAnT performed on a cycle ergometer. Mechanical performance indices including peak power output (PPO), mean power output (MPO), minimum power output (MinPO), time to peak power, maximal cadence, and fatigue index (FI) were calculated. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and between-group comparisons were conducted using independent-samples t-tests. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated using Hedges’ g. The results demonstrated that recreationally active individuals exhibited significantly higher absolute and body-mass-normalized PPO, MPO, and MinPO values compared with sedentary individuals (p <0.001–0.009; ES = 1.02–1.27). In addition, recreationally active individuals showed a shorter time to peak power (p = 0.041; ES = 0.76) and higher maximal cadence (p <0.001; ES = 2.51). In contrast, no significant between-group difference was observed for FI (p = 0.79; ES = 0.10). In conclusion, higher physical activity levels positively influence anaerobic power and capacity, whereas fatigue development during a 30-s maximal effort appears to progress similarly regardless of physical activity level. These findings indicate that the WAnT is an effective tool for evaluating anaerobic performance across individuals with different physical activity levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anaerobic capacity
• anaerobic performance
• explosive power
• Wingate test

Sedanterlere Kıyasla Amatör Futbolcularda Daha Yüksek Zirve ve Ortalama Güç Çıktısı, Ancak Benzer Yorgunluk İndeksi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sedanter ve amatör futbolcuların Wingate Anaerobik Güç Testi’nden (WAnT) elde edilen anaerobik güç ve kapasite göstergelerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 15 erkek sedanter (yaş = 24,2 ± 2,84 yıl; vücut ağırlığı = 76,7 ± 10,6; boy = 177 ± 5,27 cm) ve 15 erkek amatör futbolcu (yaş = 22,1 ± 2,34 yıl; vücut ağırlığı = 73,8 ± 6,92; boy = 178 ± 6,06 cm) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Anaerobik performans değerlendirmesi, bisiklet ergometresi üzerinde uygulanan 30 saniyelik WAnT kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test sırasında zirve güç çıktısı (ZGÇ), ortalama güç çıktısı (OGÇ), minimum güç çıktısı (MGÇ), zirve güce ulaşma süresi, maksimal kadans ve yorgunluk indeksi (Yİ) gibi mekanik performans göstergeleri hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin normalliği Shapiro-Wilk testi ile değerlendirilmiş, gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar için bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Etki büyüklükleri (EB) Hedges’ g ile hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular, amatör futbolcuların sedanter bireylere kıyasla hem mutlak hem de vücut ağırlığına göre normalize edilmiş ZGÇ, OGÇ ve MGÇ değerlerinde anlamlı derecede daha yüksek performans sergilediğini göstermiştir (p = <0,000-0,009; EB = 1,02-1,27). Ayrıca amatör futbolcular da ZGÇ’ye ulaşma süresinin daha kısa (p = 0,041; EB = 0,76) ve maksimal kadans (p = <0,001; EB = 2,51) değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna karşılık, Yİ açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p = 0,79; EB = 0,10). Sonuç olarak, daha yüksek fiziksel aktivite düzeyi anaerobik güç ve kapasiteyi olumlu yönde etkilerken, 30 saniyelik maksimal yüklenme sırasında yorgunluk gelişimi fiziksel aktivite düzeyinden bağımsız olarak benzer seyretmektedir. Bu bulgular, WAnT’nin farklı fiziksel aktivite düzeylerine sahip bireylerde anaerobik performansın değerlendirilmesinde etkili bir araç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anaerobik kapasite
• anaerobik performans
• patlayıcı güç
• wingate test

Kaynakça

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