Çocukluk Çağı Dil Bozukluklarında Anlatı Müdahalesine Yönelik Bir Derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 431 - 454, 31.12.2025

Buğse Durmuş , Semra Selvi Balo

https://doi.org/10.58563/dkyad-2025.83.10

Öz

Amaç: Dil bozukluğu olan çocukların, öyküleme becerilerinin tipik gelişim gösteren akranlarına kıyasla daha yavaş gelişim gösterebileceği, öykülerinde öykü yapısını oluşturan bileşenlerin eksik olabileceği, nedensel-zamansal bağlantıları kurmakta zorlanabilecekleri, öykü içeriğinin yetersiz olabileceği bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, dil bozukluğu olan çocuklara uygulanan dil müdahalelerinde erken dönemden itibaren anlatı becerilerinin desteklenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu geleneksel derleme çalışmasında amaç, dil bozukluğu olan çocuklarda anlatı müdahalesine ilişkin ulusal ve uluslararası güncel klinik uygulamaları içeren alanyazını gözden geçirmektir. Aynı zamanda mevcut derlemede, dil bozukluğu olan çocuklarda uluslararası alanyazında sıklıkla tercih edilen anlatı müdahale yaklaşımlarına ilişkin farkındalığın arttırılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Yöntem: Çalışmada geleneksel derleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Alanyazın taraması ASHA, ResearchGate, YÖK Akademik, Anadolu Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi, Google Scholar, PubMed ve Scopus veri tabanları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 2012-2025 yılları arasında yayınlanan anlatı müdahalesi yaklaşımlarına ilişkin araştırmalar dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmalardan elde edilen bulgular derlenerek anlatı müdahalesine ilişkin terapi yaklaşımlarının neler oldukları; terapi yaklaşımlarının ne kadar sürede, sıklıkta ve yoğunlukta uygulandıkları; hangi bozukluk grubu için hangi yaklaşımların uygun oldukları; uygulanan terapi yaklaşımlarının etkililikleri ve elde edilen iletişimsel kazanımlar gibi konularda bilgilere yer verilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan anlatı müdahale yaklaşımlarının okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının dil bileşenleri ve anlatı becerilerinin gelişimine; okul dönemi çocuklarının ise hem sözel hem de yazılı dil becerilerine önemli katkılar sağladığı görülmüştür. Anlatı müdahalesi amacıyla geliştirilen terapi yaklaşımlarının çocukluk çağı dil bozukluklarına sahip çocuklarda dilsel becerileri desteklemesinin yanında okuryazarlık becerilerinin gelişimine de katkıda bulunduğu yürütülen etkililik çalışmaları ile ortaya konmuştur. Bununla birlikte, alanyazındaki anlatı müdahalesine yönelik mevcut etkililik araştırmalarının uluslararası boyutta olduğu, ülkemizde henüz konuyla ilgili bir araştırma yürütülmediği dikkati çekmiştir.

Sonuç: Bu derleme çalışmasının çocukluk çağı dil bozukluğu olan çocuklarla çalışan dil ve konuşma terapistlerine rehberlik etmesi bağlamında dil ve konuşma terapisi alanı için önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Aynı zamanda, bu derleme çalışmasının konuya dair yürütülecek ileriki araştırmalarda da kaynak olarak kullanılabileceği öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anlatı , anlatı müdahalesi , çocukluk çağı dil bozuklukları , derleme , dil ve konuşma terapisi

Etik Beyan

Dergiye yüklenmiş olan makale derleme çalışması olması nedeniyle etik onay gerektirmemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Araştırmayı destekleyen herhangi bir kurum bulunmamaktadır.

A Review of Narrative Interventions in Childhood Language Disorders

Öz

Purpose: Language disorders are among the most common issues in childhood. Children with language disorders experience different challenges with language components. These challenges vary among children, highlighting individual differences. Previous research indicates that children with language disorders develop narrative skills more slowly than their typically developing peers. Their stories may lack components of story structure, struggle to establish causal-temporal connections, and may include insufficient content. Therefore, supporting narrative skills from an early stage is crucial in language interventions for children with language impairments. This review primarily aims to serve as a comprehensive resource on narrative intervention for speech and language therapists working with children with language impairments.
Method: The study was designed using a descriptive research model. The review explains the components of story structure; early narrative development; narrative assessment; narrative intervention; and various narrative intervention approaches, including studies on methods for addressing childhood language disorders.
Results: In the current review study, components of story structure, early narrative development, narrative assessment, narrative intervention, and narrative intervention approaches are explained, along with findings from studies on narrative intervention methods used for childhood language disorders. Accordingly, it was observed that story structure components (e.g., the event that initiated the story, the character's purpose, initiative, internal reaction, etc.) and/or complex linguistic structures were targeted in narrative intervention methods found in the literature. In many methods, researchers utilized symbols and pictorial stimuli to facilitate the storytelling process. Efficacy studies have demonstrated that therapy approaches developed for narrative intervention not only support linguistic skills in children with language disorders but also contribute to the development of literacy skills. In light of the findings, it has been indicated that post-intervention, children demonstrated the ability to generate longer and more complex narratives, establish causal and temporal coherence more effectively, and utilize more advanced linguistic structures. Narrative intervention has been reported to support not only linguistic development but also peer relationships, social interaction skills, and academic performance. Recent studies have shown a growing emphasis on narrative interventions for children with language disorders, highlighting them as one of the prominent and effective approaches in the field. However, it is noteworthy that existing effectiveness studies on narrative intervention in the literature are international in scope, and no research on the subject has yet been conducted in Turkey.
Conclusion: This review study is considered significant for the field of speech and language therapy in terms of guiding speech and language therapists who work with children with developmental language disorders. Additionally, it is intended to serve as a resource for future research on the topic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

narration , narration intervention , childhood language disorders , review , speech and language therapy

Kaynakça

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