DİL VE KONUŞMA TERAPİSTLERİNİN TERAPİYE AİLE KATILIMINA İLİŞKİN İNANÇ, TUTUM VE UYGULAMALARI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 80 - 106, 29.04.2021

Ahsen Erim Şaziye Seçkin Yılmaz

Öz

Giriş: Dil ve konuşma terapileri içerisinde uygulanan müdahale programlarının bir kısmı klinisyen merkezli, bir kısmı ise aile merkezli olarak yürütülmektedir. Dil ve konuşma terapistlerinin (DKT); dil bozuklukları, kekemelik, konuşma sesi bozukluğu ve otizm gibi bozukluklarda tercih edebilecekleri çok sayıda aile merkezli terapi yaklaşımı bulunmaktadır. Dil ve konuşma terapisi alanında hizmet veren DKT’lerin terapi sürecine aile katılımına ilişkin inanç, tutum ve uygulamalarının belirlenmesi, klinik uygulamalardaki olası eksikliklerin tespiti açısından önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de erken çocukluk dönemindeki çocuklarla çalışan DKT’lerin, terapi sürecine aile katılımına ilişkin ilgili inanç, tutum ve uygulamalarının incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinde hizmet veren 100 DKT oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada verilerin toplanmasında, yazarlar tarafından ilgili alanyazın taranarak hazırlanan bir anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin toplanması amacı ile geliştirilen anket, DKT’lere çevrimiçi (online) formata dönüştürülerek ulaştırılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için elde edilen bulguların frekans ve yüzdeleri hesaplanmıştır. Anketteki açık uçlu soru için ise içerik analizi yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun terapi sonrasında terapide yapılan uygulamalarla ilgili aileleri bilgilendirdikleri (%96) görülmüştür. Katılımcıların çok büyük bir kısmı (%60) en çok gecikmiş konuşması olan çocuklar ile çalışırken aile merkezli yaklaşımları tercih ettiklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcıların çok küçük bir kısmının ise konuşma sesi bozuklukları (%1) ve pediyatrik ses bozuklukları (%1) ile çalışırken aile merkezli yaklaşımları tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Yanı sıra kekemelik ve gelişimsel dil bozukluğu/otizm durumlarında aile merkezli yaklaşımların tercih edilme oranları %15’tir. Bunlarla birlikte, katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu (%71), ailelerin çocuklarını terapiye getirmelerinin, çocukları için yeterli olacağını düşündüklerini belirtmişlerdir.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçları, çalışmaya katılan DKT’lerin aile merkezli terapi uygulamalarına yönelik genel olarak olumlu tutumları olduğunu göstermektedir. Daha özelde ise DKT’lerin özellikle terapi sürecinin planlanması aşamasında klinisyen merkezli; ancak terapi uygulamalarının evde desteklenmesi konusunda aile merkezli bir yaklaşımı benimsediği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

aile eğitimi, aile merkezli uygulamalar, aile merkezli hizmetler, aile aracılı uygulamalar, dil ve konuşma terapisi, erken çocukluk dönemi, müdahale

BELIEF, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPISTS REGARDING FAMILY PARTICIPATION IN THERAPY

Öz

Purpose: It is important to determine the beliefs, attitudes and practices of family participation in the therapy process of speech and language therapists in terms of detecting possible deficiencies in clinical practices. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to examine the beliefs, attitutes and practices of speech and language therapists working with children in early childhood in Turkey regarding family-centered practices.
Method: In this research participants, were 100 speech and language therapists from different cities of Turkey. In order to collect the data a surrvey was used which is prepared by the researchers by scanning the relevant literature. The survey consists of 28 question items in total. The survey, which was developed for the purpose of collecting data in the research, was transformed into online format and delivered to speech and langauge therapists. SPSS 21 package program was used for the analysis of the data, and the frequency and percentages of the findings were calculated. Content analysis was also performed for the open-ended question in the survey.
Results: In the part of the survey evaluating the practices for family participation in the therapy process, it was observed that the majority of the participants informed the families about the practices performed in therapy after the therapy (96%). When the items of the survey evaluating family-centered approaches used by speech and langauge therapists were examined, most of the participants (60%) stated that they mostly preferred family-centered approaches when working with children with delayed speech. In addition to these, in the survey in which the situations that negatively affect family participation in the therapy process were questioned, the majority of the participants (71%) stated that they thought that families bringing their children to therapy would be sufficient for their children. Following this, it was stated that the facilities of the speech and language therapits’ workplace (38%) and the families' reluctance to participate to therapy process (36%) negatively affected family participation in therapy.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that speech and language therapists participating in this study have generally positive attitudes towards family centered practices. More specifically, it was seen that participants are clinician-centered, especially in the planning phase of the therapy. On the other hand they adopt a family-centered approach to supporting therapy practices at home.

Anahtar Kelimeler

early childhood, family education, family centered services, family centered practices, intervention, parent mediated practices, speech and language therapy

Kaynakça

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