PERİODONTOLOJİDE KANNABİONİDLERİN ROLÜ

Öz

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca çeşitli özelliklerinden yararlanılan kenevir, dioik, çiçekli ve otsu bir bitki türüdür. Kenevir tekstil alanında, otomotiv sektöründe, uzay sanayisinde, ilaç ve gıda desteği üretimi gibi alanlarda olmak üzere geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Milattan önceki döneme kadar dayanan medikal kenevir kullanımı 1940’lı yıllara kadar devam etmiş; ancak daha sonraki yıllarda psikoaktif içeriğinin suistimal edilmesi nedeniyle birçok ülkede yasaklanmaya başlamıştır. Nükleer manyetik rezonans spektroskopisinin geliştirilmesi ile kenevirin öforik etkisinden sorumlu ana bileşen olarak tetrahidrokannabiolün kimyasal yapısı ve içeriği sonrasında ise kannabionid reseptörler ve endokannabionidler ile endokannabionid enzimlerin yapısı ve içeriği keşfedilmiştir. Kannabionid terimi insan vücudunda yer alan kannabionid reseptörlerine bağlanabilen, kenevirden üretilen fitokannabionidleri, insan vücudunda üretilen endokannabionidleri ve sentetik olarak elde edilen kannabionidleri kapsayan bir terimdir. Endokannabionid sistem ise transmembran endokannabionid reseptörleri, endojen ligandları, spesifik alım mekanizmalarını, biyosentezi ve yıkımı ile ilgili enzimatik sistemleri içeren karmaşık bir hücre sinyalizasyon sistemi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Endokannabionid sistem ve kannabionidler arasındaki etkileşimlerin incelenmesi periodontal hastalıkların terapötik tedavisinde ve önlenmesinde yeni fikirlerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Sonuç olarak yapılan çalışmalar endokannabionid sistemin ve kannabionid türlerinin oral dokuları ve hücreleri etkileyen durumların patogenezinde ve tedavisinde önemli bir role sahip olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Endokannabinoid sistemin enflamatuar yanıtı düzenleyebileceği ve enflamasyon ilerlemesini durdurabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Mevcut veriler periodontitis hastalarında terapötik uygulamalar için bir seçenek olarak kannabionidlerin kullanımını desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kenevir
• Periodontitis
• HU-308
• Kannabidiol
• Endokannabionid Sistem

THE ROLE OF CANNABIONIDES IN PERIODONTOLOGY

Öz

Hemp is a dioecious, flowering, and herbaceous plant species that has been utilized throughout human history for various properties and has a wide range of applications including the textile industry, automotive sector, aerospace, pharmaceuticals, and food supplements. The medical use of hemp dates back to the pre-Christian era and continued until the 1940s. However, due to the abuse of its psychoactive components, it has been banned in many countries. With the development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the chemical structure and composition of tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary component responsible for the euphoric effect of hemp, were identified. Subsequently, cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids, and enzymes involved in the endocannabinoid system were discovered. The term cannabinoid encompasses phytocannabinoids derived from hemp, endocannabinoids produced in the human body, and synthetic cannabinoids, all of which can bind to cannabinoid receptors in the human body. The endocannabinoid system is defined as a complex cellular signaling system comprising transmembrane cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands, specific uptake mechanisms, biosynthesis, and enzymatic degradation systems. The study of the interaction between the endocannabinoid system and cannabinoids has inspired new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases. As a result, current research demonstrates that the endocannabinoid system and various types of cannabinoids play a significant role in the pathogenesis and treatment of conditions affecting oral tissues and cells. It has been shown that the endocannabinoid system may regulate inflammatory responses and halt the inflammation progression. Existing data support the therapeutic use of cannabinoids as a potential option for patients with periodontitis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemp
• Periodontitis
• HU-308
• Cannnabidiol

Kaynakça

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