The Biological Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Its Association with Periodontal Diseases

Öz

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid derived from sphingolipid metabolism, plays pivotal roles in a wide array of biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, vascular permeability, and immune cell trafficking. Acting both as an intracellular second messenger and as an extracellular ligand for G protein-coupled S1P receptors, S1P exerts complex regulatory functions across multiple physiological and pathological contexts. In recent years, accumulating evidence has implicated S1P in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Notably, its capacity to enhance proinflammatory cytokine production, modulate immune cell chemotaxis, and stimulate osteoclast activity positions S1P as a potential contributor to periodontal tissue breakdown. This review aims to comprehensively outline the biosynthetic pathways and functional mechanisms of S1P, with a particular focus on its putative role in periodontal disease pathogenesis, while also identifying current gaps and directions for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
• Periodontitis
• İnflammation

Sfingozin-1-Fosfatın Biyolojik Rolü ve Periodontal Hastalıklarla İlişkisi

Öz

Sfingozin-1-fosfat (S1P), sfingolipid metabolizmasının önemli bir ürünü olup hücre proliferasyonu, apoptoz, inflamasyon, damar geçirgenliği ve bağışıklık hücrelerinin göçü gibi birçok biyolojik süreçte kritik roller üstlenmektedir. S1P, hem hücre içi sinyal ileticisi hem de G proteinine bağlı S1P reseptörleri aracılığıyla hücre dışı etkiler oluşturan bir lipid mediatörüdür. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, S1P’nin periodontitis patogenezinde de önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir. Özellikle proinflamatuar sitokinlerin üretimini artırması, bağışıklık hücrelerinin kemotaksisini düzenlemesi ve osteoklast aktivitesini teşvik etmesi, bu molekülü periodontal doku yıkımı ile ilişkilendirmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, S1P’nin biyosentezi ve etkilerini özetleyerek, periodontal hastalıkların patogenezindeki olası rolünü değerlendirmek ve bu alandaki bilgi eksikliklerini ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sfingozin-1-fosfat reseptörleri
• Periodontit
• İnflamasyon

Kaynakça

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