Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Eşeysel Seçilim ve Güzel Algısı: Charles Darwin’den Ronald A. Fisher’a Tarihsel Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 28, 111 - 127, 03.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA99KY72LG

Öz

Charles Darwin’in temel ilgisi doğal seçilim yoluyla evrim olsa da Darwin organizmalardaki bazı özelliklerin doğal seçilim aracılığıyla açıklanamayacağını fark etmiş ve doğada, doğal seçilimden farklı bir seçilim mekanizması olan eşeysel seçilimi keşfetmiştir. Eşeysel seçilim, dişilerin eş seçimindeki tercihleriyle ilgili bir mekanizmadır ve dişilerin tercihleri “güzel” olandan yana şekillenmektedir. Yani dişiler güzel buldukları erkekleri seçmektedir. Bu noktada güzel olanın seçilimi düşüncesi, insan dışı hayvanlara da bir tür bilinçlilik atfettiği için Darwin birçok eleştiriye maruz kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada hem eşeysel seçilim ve güzel kavramı arasındaki ilişkinin hem de eşeysel seçilim mekanizmasına gelen eleştirilerin biyoloji tarihi açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak, eşeysel seçilim mekanizması ele alınacak ve güzel olanla ilişkisinin ne olduğu analiz edilecektir. Devamında Darwin’in güzel derken neyi kastettiği ele alınacak ve eşeysel seçilime yönelik Alfred R. Wallace ve George J. Mivart’ın eleştirilerine yer verilecektir. Son olarak eşeysel seçilim ve güzel arasındaki ilişkiyi Darwin’den oldukça farklı bir biçimde ele alan Ronald A. Fisher’ın görüşleri incelenecek ve Fisher’ın görüşlerinden hareketle belli bir tarzda etki ve etkileniş biçimine işaret eden güzel ifadesinin eş seçiminde evrimsel bir kestirme yol olarak değerlendirilebileceği gösterilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Ah-King, M. (2023), The Female Turn: How Evolutionary Science Shifted Perceptions About Females, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998), What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?, Brain Research Reviews 28, s. 309–369.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2014), The Aesthetic Brain, Oxford University Press.
  • Chatterjee, A., & Vartanian, O. (2014). Neuroaesthetic, Trends in Congnitive Sciences, 18(7), s. 370-375.
  • Darwin, C. (1866), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (4 b.). John Murray.
  • Darwin, C. (1871, Mart 24). Letter no: 7621. Temmuz 13, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1980). https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2743.xml. Eylül 11, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1981), The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, Princeton University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2009), The Origin of Species, Cambridge University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2017), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev.Bahar Kılıç) Alfa Yayınları.
  • Darwin, C. (2022), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev. Ergi Deniz Özsoy) İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Demuth, A., Demuthova, S. (2017). Evolutionary and Cognitive Aspects of Beauty (Attractiveness), Kaygı, 28, s. 145-158.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1915), The Evolution of Sexual Preference, Eugen Rev., 7(3), s. 184–192.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1930), The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gayon, J. (2010, şubat). Sexual selection: Another Darwinian Process, Comptes Rendus Biologies, s. 134-144.
  • Gould, S. J. (2010). Pandanın Başparmağı Doğa Tarihi Üzerine Düşünceler, (Çev. Ülkün Tansel), Versus Kitap.
  • Kamözüt, C. (2009). Doğal Seçilim Yasasının Bulunuşu: Darwin ve Wallace’ın Yaklaşımlarındaki Farklar, Kaygı, 12, 201-208.
  • Kawabata, H., Zeki, S. (2004), Neural Correlates of Beauty, Neurophysiol, s. 1699–1705.
  • Mendelson, T. C., & Ryan, M. J. (2022), Sex and Design in Our Evolutionary Cousins The perception of beauty in nature, Metode Science Studies Journal, s. 59-65.
  • Miller, G. (2001). The Mating Mind, Anchor Books.
  • Mivart, G. (1871). [Review of] The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex. Quarterly Review (131), 47-90. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A69&pageseq=1 (10.01.2025).
  • Prum, R. O. (2017). The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World- and Us, Doubleday Press.
  • Ridder, D. D., Vanneste, S. (2013), The Artful Mind sexual selection and an evolutionary neurobiological approach to aesthetic appreciation, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 56(3), s. 327-340.
  • Ryan, M. J. (2018), A Taste for the Beautiful, Princeton University Press.
  • Slingerland, E. (2021), Drunk. Little Brown Spark Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2009), Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of its Applications, Cambridge University Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2016), Natural Selection and Tropical Nature: Essays on Descriptive and Theoretical Biology, White Press.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 28, 111 - 127, 03.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA99KY72LG

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ah-King, M. (2023), The Female Turn: How Evolutionary Science Shifted Perceptions About Females, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998), What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?, Brain Research Reviews 28, s. 309–369.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2014), The Aesthetic Brain, Oxford University Press.
  • Chatterjee, A., & Vartanian, O. (2014). Neuroaesthetic, Trends in Congnitive Sciences, 18(7), s. 370-375.
  • Darwin, C. (1866), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (4 b.). John Murray.
  • Darwin, C. (1871, Mart 24). Letter no: 7621. Temmuz 13, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1980). https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2743.xml. Eylül 11, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1981), The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, Princeton University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2009), The Origin of Species, Cambridge University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2017), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev.Bahar Kılıç) Alfa Yayınları.
  • Darwin, C. (2022), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev. Ergi Deniz Özsoy) İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Demuth, A., Demuthova, S. (2017). Evolutionary and Cognitive Aspects of Beauty (Attractiveness), Kaygı, 28, s. 145-158.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1915), The Evolution of Sexual Preference, Eugen Rev., 7(3), s. 184–192.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1930), The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gayon, J. (2010, şubat). Sexual selection: Another Darwinian Process, Comptes Rendus Biologies, s. 134-144.
  • Gould, S. J. (2010). Pandanın Başparmağı Doğa Tarihi Üzerine Düşünceler, (Çev. Ülkün Tansel), Versus Kitap.
  • Kamözüt, C. (2009). Doğal Seçilim Yasasının Bulunuşu: Darwin ve Wallace’ın Yaklaşımlarındaki Farklar, Kaygı, 12, 201-208.
  • Kawabata, H., Zeki, S. (2004), Neural Correlates of Beauty, Neurophysiol, s. 1699–1705.
  • Mendelson, T. C., & Ryan, M. J. (2022), Sex and Design in Our Evolutionary Cousins The perception of beauty in nature, Metode Science Studies Journal, s. 59-65.
  • Miller, G. (2001). The Mating Mind, Anchor Books.
  • Mivart, G. (1871). [Review of] The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex. Quarterly Review (131), 47-90. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A69&pageseq=1 (10.01.2025).
  • Prum, R. O. (2017). The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World- and Us, Doubleday Press.
  • Ridder, D. D., Vanneste, S. (2013), The Artful Mind sexual selection and an evolutionary neurobiological approach to aesthetic appreciation, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 56(3), s. 327-340.
  • Ryan, M. J. (2018), A Taste for the Beautiful, Princeton University Press.
  • Slingerland, E. (2021), Drunk. Little Brown Spark Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2009), Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of its Applications, Cambridge University Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2016), Natural Selection and Tropical Nature: Essays on Descriptive and Theoretical Biology, White Press.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 28, 111 - 127, 03.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA99KY72LG

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ah-King, M. (2023), The Female Turn: How Evolutionary Science Shifted Perceptions About Females, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998), What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?, Brain Research Reviews 28, s. 309–369.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2014), The Aesthetic Brain, Oxford University Press.
  • Chatterjee, A., & Vartanian, O. (2014). Neuroaesthetic, Trends in Congnitive Sciences, 18(7), s. 370-375.
  • Darwin, C. (1866), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (4 b.). John Murray.
  • Darwin, C. (1871, Mart 24). Letter no: 7621. Temmuz 13, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1980). https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2743.xml. Eylül 11, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1981), The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, Princeton University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2009), The Origin of Species, Cambridge University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2017), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev.Bahar Kılıç) Alfa Yayınları.
  • Darwin, C. (2022), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev. Ergi Deniz Özsoy) İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Demuth, A., Demuthova, S. (2017). Evolutionary and Cognitive Aspects of Beauty (Attractiveness), Kaygı, 28, s. 145-158.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1915), The Evolution of Sexual Preference, Eugen Rev., 7(3), s. 184–192.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1930), The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gayon, J. (2010, şubat). Sexual selection: Another Darwinian Process, Comptes Rendus Biologies, s. 134-144.
  • Gould, S. J. (2010). Pandanın Başparmağı Doğa Tarihi Üzerine Düşünceler, (Çev. Ülkün Tansel), Versus Kitap.
  • Kamözüt, C. (2009). Doğal Seçilim Yasasının Bulunuşu: Darwin ve Wallace’ın Yaklaşımlarındaki Farklar, Kaygı, 12, 201-208.
  • Kawabata, H., Zeki, S. (2004), Neural Correlates of Beauty, Neurophysiol, s. 1699–1705.
  • Mendelson, T. C., & Ryan, M. J. (2022), Sex and Design in Our Evolutionary Cousins The perception of beauty in nature, Metode Science Studies Journal, s. 59-65.
  • Miller, G. (2001). The Mating Mind, Anchor Books.
  • Mivart, G. (1871). [Review of] The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex. Quarterly Review (131), 47-90. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A69&pageseq=1 (10.01.2025).
  • Prum, R. O. (2017). The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World- and Us, Doubleday Press.
  • Ridder, D. D., Vanneste, S. (2013), The Artful Mind sexual selection and an evolutionary neurobiological approach to aesthetic appreciation, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 56(3), s. 327-340.
  • Ryan, M. J. (2018), A Taste for the Beautiful, Princeton University Press.
  • Slingerland, E. (2021), Drunk. Little Brown Spark Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2009), Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of its Applications, Cambridge University Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2016), Natural Selection and Tropical Nature: Essays on Descriptive and Theoretical Biology, White Press.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 28, 111 - 127, 03.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA99KY72LG

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ah-King, M. (2023), The Female Turn: How Evolutionary Science Shifted Perceptions About Females, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998), What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?, Brain Research Reviews 28, s. 309–369.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2014), The Aesthetic Brain, Oxford University Press.
  • Chatterjee, A., & Vartanian, O. (2014). Neuroaesthetic, Trends in Congnitive Sciences, 18(7), s. 370-375.
  • Darwin, C. (1866), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (4 b.). John Murray.
  • Darwin, C. (1871, Mart 24). Letter no: 7621. Temmuz 13, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1980). https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2743.xml. Eylül 11, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1981), The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, Princeton University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2009), The Origin of Species, Cambridge University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2017), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev.Bahar Kılıç) Alfa Yayınları.
  • Darwin, C. (2022), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev. Ergi Deniz Özsoy) İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Demuth, A., Demuthova, S. (2017). Evolutionary and Cognitive Aspects of Beauty (Attractiveness), Kaygı, 28, s. 145-158.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1915), The Evolution of Sexual Preference, Eugen Rev., 7(3), s. 184–192.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1930), The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gayon, J. (2010, şubat). Sexual selection: Another Darwinian Process, Comptes Rendus Biologies, s. 134-144.
  • Gould, S. J. (2010). Pandanın Başparmağı Doğa Tarihi Üzerine Düşünceler, (Çev. Ülkün Tansel), Versus Kitap.
  • Kamözüt, C. (2009). Doğal Seçilim Yasasının Bulunuşu: Darwin ve Wallace’ın Yaklaşımlarındaki Farklar, Kaygı, 12, 201-208.
  • Kawabata, H., Zeki, S. (2004), Neural Correlates of Beauty, Neurophysiol, s. 1699–1705.
  • Mendelson, T. C., & Ryan, M. J. (2022), Sex and Design in Our Evolutionary Cousins The perception of beauty in nature, Metode Science Studies Journal, s. 59-65.
  • Miller, G. (2001). The Mating Mind, Anchor Books.
  • Mivart, G. (1871). [Review of] The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex. Quarterly Review (131), 47-90. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A69&pageseq=1 (10.01.2025).
  • Prum, R. O. (2017). The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World- and Us, Doubleday Press.
  • Ridder, D. D., Vanneste, S. (2013), The Artful Mind sexual selection and an evolutionary neurobiological approach to aesthetic appreciation, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 56(3), s. 327-340.
  • Ryan, M. J. (2018), A Taste for the Beautiful, Princeton University Press.
  • Slingerland, E. (2021), Drunk. Little Brown Spark Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2009), Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of its Applications, Cambridge University Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2016), Natural Selection and Tropical Nature: Essays on Descriptive and Theoretical Biology, White Press.

Sexual Selection and The Sense of Beauty: A Historical Review From Charles Darwin to Ronald A. Fısher

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 28, 111 - 127, 03.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA99KY72LG

Öz

Although Charles Darwin's main interest was evolution by natural selection, Darwin realized that some characteristics in organisms could not be explained by natural selection. He discovered sexual selection, a different selection mechanism than natural selection in nature. Sexual selection is a mechanism related to females’ preferences in choosing a mate. Females’ preferences are shaped in favor of “beauty.” In other words, females choose men they find beautiful. At this point, Darwin was subjected to much criticism because the selection of what is beautiful attributed a kind of consciousness to non-human animals. This study aims to examine both the relationship between sexual selection and the concept of beauty and the criticisms made to the mechanism of sexual selection in terms of the history of biology. In this direction, first, the mechanism of sexual selection will be discussed, and its relationship with beauty will be analyzed. Next, we will discuss what Darwin meant by beauty and include Alfred R. Wallace and George J. Mivart’s criticisms of sexual selection. Finally, we will examine the views of Ronald A. Fisher, who approaches the relationship between sexual selection and beauty in a way that is quite different from Darwin’s. Based on Fisher’s views, we will show that the expression beauty, which refers to a certain type of influence and being influenced, can be considered an evolutionary shortcut in mate choice.

Kaynakça

  • Ah-King, M. (2023), The Female Turn: How Evolutionary Science Shifted Perceptions About Females, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998), What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?, Brain Research Reviews 28, s. 309–369.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2014), The Aesthetic Brain, Oxford University Press.
  • Chatterjee, A., & Vartanian, O. (2014). Neuroaesthetic, Trends in Congnitive Sciences, 18(7), s. 370-375.
  • Darwin, C. (1866), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (4 b.). John Murray.
  • Darwin, C. (1871, Mart 24). Letter no: 7621. Temmuz 13, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1980). https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2743.xml. Eylül 11, 2024 tarihinde https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk (15.02.2025).
  • Darwin, C. (1981), The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, Princeton University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2009), The Origin of Species, Cambridge University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (2017), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev.Bahar Kılıç) Alfa Yayınları.
  • Darwin, C. (2022), Türlerin Kökeni, (Çev. Ergi Deniz Özsoy) İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Demuth, A., Demuthova, S. (2017). Evolutionary and Cognitive Aspects of Beauty (Attractiveness), Kaygı, 28, s. 145-158.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1915), The Evolution of Sexual Preference, Eugen Rev., 7(3), s. 184–192.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1930), The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gayon, J. (2010, şubat). Sexual selection: Another Darwinian Process, Comptes Rendus Biologies, s. 134-144.
  • Gould, S. J. (2010). Pandanın Başparmağı Doğa Tarihi Üzerine Düşünceler, (Çev. Ülkün Tansel), Versus Kitap.
  • Kamözüt, C. (2009). Doğal Seçilim Yasasının Bulunuşu: Darwin ve Wallace’ın Yaklaşımlarındaki Farklar, Kaygı, 12, 201-208.
  • Kawabata, H., Zeki, S. (2004), Neural Correlates of Beauty, Neurophysiol, s. 1699–1705.
  • Mendelson, T. C., & Ryan, M. J. (2022), Sex and Design in Our Evolutionary Cousins The perception of beauty in nature, Metode Science Studies Journal, s. 59-65.
  • Miller, G. (2001). The Mating Mind, Anchor Books.
  • Mivart, G. (1871). [Review of] The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex. Quarterly Review (131), 47-90. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A69&pageseq=1 (10.01.2025).
  • Prum, R. O. (2017). The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World- and Us, Doubleday Press.
  • Ridder, D. D., Vanneste, S. (2013), The Artful Mind sexual selection and an evolutionary neurobiological approach to aesthetic appreciation, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 56(3), s. 327-340.
  • Ryan, M. J. (2018), A Taste for the Beautiful, Princeton University Press.
  • Slingerland, E. (2021), Drunk. Little Brown Spark Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2009), Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of its Applications, Cambridge University Press.
  • Wallace, A. R. (2016), Natural Selection and Tropical Nature: Essays on Descriptive and Theoretical Biology, White Press.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bilim Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nefise Barak 0000-0001-7268-2010

Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Mart 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA99KY72LG
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Sayı: 28

Kaynak Göster

APA Barak, N. (2026). Eşeysel Seçilim ve Güzel Algısı: Charles Darwin’den Ronald A. Fisher’a Tarihsel Bir İnceleme. Dört Öge, 28, 111-127. https://izlik.org/JA99KY72LG