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PHENOMENICAL ORIENTATION OF MEGALITHS

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 5, 187 - 201, 01.06.2014

Constantinos Marıtsas

Öz

Th e paper examines the assignment of the visual experience in the context of interrelation between human-animal and human civilized. Civilization is deŞ ned as “the survival of the weak”. It is stressed that this deŞ nition can be applied to man, animal and every living being. In the paper the concept of “orientation” is not applicable to the megaliths. Th e ones that are next to mountains are not so much oriented to as similar to them. Th e need to create megaliths appeared in the transition from natural selection to civilization, from human-animal to human civilized. For his own survival man gave up violent battles, replacing them with the dance battle, during which the woman chose the man winner. For the more authentic reproduction of Ş ghts they used stones symbolising hunters, animals, mountains, caves, etc. Th us dolmens, cromlechs and menhirs appeared, becoming the stage or decoration of the Ş rst theatrical performances, where nature served as a model. Th e conclusion is, that the issue of a particular orientation of megaliths is eliminated: they were built to face the surrounding mountains, caves, animals inhabiting particular areas (zoomorphic dolmens), etc

Anahtar Kelimeler

civilization natural selection megaliths orientation imitation

Kaynakça

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Yıl 2014, Sayı: 5, 187 - 201, 01.06.2014

Constantinos Marıtsas

Öz

Bu makale, hayvan-insan ve insan medeniyeti arasındaki ilişki bağlamında, görsel deneyimlerin tayin edilmesini tartışmaktadır. Medeniyet “zayıfın hayatta kalması” olarak tanımlanır. Bu tanım, insana, hayvana ve her canlı varlığa uygulanabilir olarak vurgulanmıştır. Bu makalede, “çevreye uyum” kavramı tarih öncesi taş anıtlar (megalith) için geçerli değildir. Dağların yakınında olanlar, bunlara benzer biçimde çok fazla uyum sağlamamıştır. Megalithlerin yapılmasına dair gereksinim, insan-hayvandan insan uygarlığına, doğal seleksiyondan uygarlığa geçişle ortaya çıktı. İnsanoğlu hayatta kalmak için şiddetli savaşlardan vazgeçti, kadının kazanan erkeği seçtiği zaman zarfında, savaş danslarını tercih etti. Savaşların daha otantik olması için, insanoğlu avcıların, hayvanların, dağların, mağaraların vs’nin sembolizasyonunda taşları kullandı. Böylece bu lahitler ve daire şeklindeki büyük abideler ve yekpare taştan abideler, model olarak doğayı simgeleyen ilk teatral performansların dekorasyonu ya da sahnesi olarak ortaya çıktı. Sonuç, megalitlerin özel bir uyum sorunu olarak elimine edilmesidir. Megalitler, dağları, mağaraları, belirli alanlarda yaşayan hayvanların vs’nin çevrelerine inşa edildiler

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uygarlık doğal seleksiyon megalitler çevreye uyum taklit

Kaynakça

  • Ȼɯɚɪɚɬɚ Ɇɭɧɢ (2005), ɇɚɬɹɲɚɫɬɪɚ, trans. ɋɥɚɜɱɨ Ɇɚɥɟɧɨɜ, ɋɨɮɢɹ: ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɚ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɡɚ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɧɨ ɢ ɮɢɥɦɨɜɨ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨ Ʉɪɴɫɬɶɨ ɋɚɪɚɮɨɜ.
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  • Leakey R. (1996), Ǿ ĮʌĮȡȤȒ IJȠȣ ĮȞșȡȫʌȚȞȠȣ İȓįȠȣȢ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ȀȐIJȠʌIJȡȠ.
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  • Ɇɟɝɚɥɢɬɢɬɟ ɜ Ɍɪɚɤɢɹ, ɑɚɫɬ I. / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɧɚ ɂɜɚɧ ȼɟɧɟɞɢɤɨɜ, Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɴɪ Ɏɨɥ. – ɋɨɮɢɹ, 1976.; ɑɚɫɬ II. / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɴɪ Ɏɨɥ. – ɋɨɮɢɹ, 1982. 27. Ɇɨɪɝɚɧ Ʌ. (1939), ɉɴɪɜɨɛɢɬɧɨɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɋɨɮɢɹ, Ɇɚɣɫɤɚ ɪɨɡɚ. 28. ɇɢɤɨɥɨɜ Ɍ.(1994), Ⱦɴɥɝɢɹɬ ɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ, ɋɨɮɢɹ, ȻȺɇ.
  • ɉɚɜɥɨɜ ȿ. ȼ. (1998), ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɬɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɚ Ȼɭɯɚɧ-ɧɨɣɨɧ ɛɚɛɚɥ, Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ II ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ 28 ɢɸɧɹ–5 ɢɸɥɹ 1998 ɝ. – ɍɥɚɧ-ɍɞɷ, 1998, pp. 126– 129. 30. ɉɥɭɬɚɪɯ (1990), ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ, Ɍɨɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ, Ɇ., ɉɪɚɜɞɚ. 31. Ɋɚɞɭɧɱɟɜɚ Ⱥ. / ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɋɬ. (2009), ɋɤɚɥɧɢ ɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɢ: ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɹ, Ɋɨɞɨɩɢ, Ɇɭɡɟɣ «Ɂɟɦɹɬɚ ɢ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ».
  • Ɏɨɪɦɨɡɨɜ Ⱥ. Ⱥ. (1966), ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɛɵɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɋɋɋɊ, Ɇ., ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɝɥɚɜɚ, pp. 76–87.
  • ɏɚɭɩɬɦɚɧ ɏ. (2007), ɇɨɜɢ ɞɚɧɧɢ ɡɚ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɡɚɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɉɪɟɞɧɚ Ⱥɡɢɹ, PRAE (ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɜ ɱɟɫɬ ɧɚ ɏɟɧɪɢɟɬɚ Ɍɨɞɨɪɨɜɚ, ɋɨɮɢɹ, ȺɂɆ-ȻȺɇ.
  • ɏɟɣɡɢɧɝɚ Ƀ. (1997), Homo Ludens; ɋɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, trans. ɫɬ. Ⱦ. ȼ. ɋɢɥɶɜɟɫɬɪɨɜɚ, Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬ. Ⱦ. ɗ. ɏɚɪɢɬɨɧɨɜɢɱɚ, Ɇ., ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ-Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ. 35. ɐɨɧɟɜ Ʌ. (2010), Ɇɟɝɚɥɢɬɢɬɟ ɜ Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɢɹ, ɋɨɮɢɹ.
  • Sharkey Ⱦɠ. ɂɡ ɤɧɢɝɢ Ʉɟɥɶɬɫɤɢɟ ɬɚɣɧɵ. Ⱦɪɟɜɧɹɹ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ], Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://www.celts.ru/obrien/inform/celts.htm#1. 37. ɗɥɢɚɞɟ Ɇ. (2002), ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɜɟɪɵ ɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ, ɜ 3-ɯ ɬ., Ɍ. 1. Ɉɬ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɞɨ ɗɥɟɜɫɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɣ, Ɇ., Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɨɧ.
  • ɗɥɢɚɞɟ Ɇ. (1999), Ɉɱɟɪɤɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, Ɇ., Ʌɚɞɨɦɢɪ.
  • Apostol A. (1995), North American Indian EfTigy Mounds: An Enigma at the Frontier of Archaeology and Geology, Journal of ScientiJic Exploratio, Vol. 9. – No. 4. – p. 549-563,
  • Darwin Ch. (1997), Ǿ ȀĮIJĮȖȦȖȒ IJȦȞ ǼȚįȫȞ, ȆȐIJȡĮ, ȆĮȞ. ȆĮIJȡȫȞ.
  • Fromm E., ȅ ijȩȕȠȢ ȝʌȡȠıIJȐ ıIJȘȞ İȜİȣșİȡȓĮ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ȂʌȠȣțȠȣȝȐȞȘ.
  • Heidegger M. (1986), Ǿ ʌȡȠȑȜİȣıȘ IJȠȣ ȑȡȖȠȣ IJȑȤȞȘȢ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ǻȦįȫȞȘ.
  • Harrison J. E. (1913), Ancient Art and Ritual, London, Thornton Butterworth Ltd.
  • Karpathios Ch.(1995) ȀĮȡʌĮșȓȠȣ ȋȡ., Ǿ ǼȟȑȜȚȟȘ IJȠȣ ǼȖțİijȐȜȠȣ țĮȚ IJȠ ǹȜijȐȕȘIJȠ,– ǹșȒȞĮ, ǼȜȜȘȞ.
  • Kordon C. (1994), Ǿ īȜȫııĮ IJȦȞ ȀȣIJIJȐȡȦȞ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ȀȐIJȠʌIJȡȠ.
  • Leakey R. (1996), Ǿ ĮʌĮȡȤȒ IJȠȣ ĮȞșȡȫʌȚȞȠȣ İȓįȠȣȢ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ȀȐIJȠʌIJȡȠ.
  • Leroi-Gourhan A. (1993), ȅȚ șȡȘıțİȓİȢ IJȘȢ ʌȡȠȧıIJȠȡȓĮȢ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ȀĮȡįĮȝȓIJıĮ.
  • Maritsas K. (2003), ȆȠȜȚIJȚıȝȩȢ țĮȚ ijȣıȚțȒ İʌȚȜȠȖȒ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ǹȡıİȞȓįȘȢ.
  • Maritsas K. (2007) ȂĮȡȓIJıĮȢ Ȁ., ȆȠȜȚIJȚıȝȩȢ țĮȚ ijȣıȚțȒ İʌȚȜȠȖȒ 2, ɋɨɮɢɹ, ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɨ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɫɬɜɨ «ɋɜ. Ʉɥɢɦɟɧɬ Ɉɯɪɢɞɫɤɢ».
  • Morris D. J., ǹȞșȡȦʌȠʌĮȡĮIJȒȡȘıȘ – Ǿ ĮȞșȡȫʌȚȞȘ ıȣȝʌİȡȚijȠȡȐ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ǹȡıİȞȓįȘ. 
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  • Nagaswami R., Dolmens, Hero Stones and the Dravidian People, [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ], Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://www.tamilnation.org/
  • Papagiorgi K. (2001) ȆĮʌĮȖȚȫȡȖȘ Ȁ., ȁȐįȚĮ ȟȓįȚĮ, ǹșȒȞĮ, ȀĮıIJĮȞȚȫIJȘ.
  • Perks A.M. (2003), Stonehenge: a view from medicine, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Vol. 96,.p. 94–98.
  • Peters J. / Schmidt K. (2004), Animals in the symbolic world of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Gobekli Tepe, south-eastern Turkey: a preliminary assessment, Anthropozoologica, Vol. 39 (1), p. 179–218.
  • Vavizos G. / Zannaki K. (2006) ǺĮȕȓȗȠȢ ī., ǽĮȞȞȐțȘ Ȁ., ȆİȡȚȕĮȜȜȠȞIJȚțȑȢ ȝİȜȑIJİȢ, ȅįȘȖȠȓ ǻȡȐıȘȢ/ǺȠȒșȘȝĮ ȖȚĮ ȃȑȠȣȢ, ǹșȒȞĮ, īİȞȚțȒ īȡĮȝȝĮIJİȓĮ ȃȑĮȢ īİȞȚȐȢ, ǼșȞȚțȩ ȀȑȞIJȡȠ ȀȠȚȞȦȞȚțȫȞ ǼȡİȣȞȫȞ.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA73UG24RH
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Constantinos Marıtsas Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Haziran 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Marıtsas, C. (2014). PHENOMENICAL ORIENTATION OF MEGALITHS. Dört Öge(5), 187-201.