TATLI SU MİDYESİ UNIO DELICATUS’UN (BİVALVIA, UNIONIDAE) İNCİ ÜRETİM POTANSİYELİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Antik çağlardan beri ilgi çeken ve hızlı büyüyen endüstrilerden biri olan inci üretimi, avcılık ve kültür çalışmaları ile yapılmaktadır. Doğal ve kültür incisi, ticari olarak değerlilik gösteren bir mücevherdir. Bu çalışmada, Hatay ili Gölbaşı Gölü’nde mevcut olan tatlı su midyesi Unio delicatus’un kabuk ile manto dokusu arasına plastik yapılı nükleus implantasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, solungaçları gloşidya (midye larvası) ile dolu olan ve henüz dolmamış olan midyelerin, implantasyon işleminden sonra nükleus atım süresi, nükleus atım sayısı, sedef rengi ve nükleusun sedef ile kaplanma oranının belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca 60 gün süren bu araştırmada, midyelerin nükleus çeperini sedef ile kaplama yeteneği araştırılırken, üreme döneminde implantasyon işleminin gloşidya paketlerinin atımı üzerine etkisi de incelenmiştir. İmplantasyon işlemi için, 32 adet midyenin 16 adeti, solungacı gloşidya ile dolu olan, diğer 16 adeti ise solungacı henüz gloşidya ile dolmamış olan midyelerden seçilmiştir. Her bir midye için 2 adet nükleus implant edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, ilk nükleus atımı, solungacı gloşidya ile dolu olan grupta (1. Grup) 3. gün görülmüş ve tüm nükleuslar 5 gün içinde vücuttan atılmıştır. Atımı gerçekleşen nükleusların tamamı koyu füme renginde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda 1. Gruptaki tüm akvaryumların zemininde gloşidya paketleri gözlenmiştir. Türkiye’de ilk kez yapılan bu çalışmada, Unio delicatus’un inci yapabilme yeteneği ortaya çıkarılarak, inci kültürü sektörüne potansiyel olabilecek bir tür belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Gölbaşı Gölü’nde bulunan diğer türlerinde, inci üretimi konusunda incelenmeleri yönünde yeni araştırmalara ışık tutacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unio delicatus
• inci
• sedef
• Türkiye

Investigatıon of the pearl production potentıal of the freshwater mussel Unio delicatus (Bivalvia, Unionidae)

Öz

Pearl production, which has been of interest since ancient times and is one of the rapidly growing industries, is carried out through pearl farming and culture studies. Natural and cultured pearls are commercially valuable gemstones. In this study, plastic nuclei implantation was performed between the shell and mantle tissue of the freshwater mussel Unio delicatus, which is present in Lake Gölbaşı in Hatay province. The aim of this study is to determine the time to reject the nucleus, frequency of rejecting the nucleus, pearl color, and rate of pearl coverage with nacre of mussels with gills filled with lochidia (mussel larvae) and those not yet filled with glochidia after the implantation process. Additionally, in this 60-day study, the ability of mussels to cover the nucleus with nacre and the effect of the implantation process on the expulsion of glochidia packets during the breeding season were investigated. For the implantation process, 16 mussels with gills filled with glochidia and 16 mussels with gills not yet filled with glochidia were selected out of 32 mussels. Two nuclei were implanted for each mussel. As a result of the study, the first nucleus expulsion was observed on the third day in the group with gills filled with glochidia (Group 1), and all nuclei were expelled from the body within 5 days. It was determined that all expelled nuclei were dark gray in color. At the same time, glochidia packets were observed on the bottom of all aquariums in Group 1. In this study, conducted for the first time in Türkiye, the pearl-producing ability of Unio delicatus was revealed, and a species that could potentially contribute to the pearl culture industry was identified. This study will shed light on new research for other species found in Lake Gölbaşı regarding pearl production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unio delicatus
• pearl
• nacre
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

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