MC1R KÜRK RENGİ GENİNE DAYALI OLARAK ANADOLU’DA YABAN DOMUZU (SUS SCROFA) VE EVCİL DOMUZ (SUS SCROFA DOMESTICA) ARASINDAKİ TARİHSEL MELEZLEŞMENİN ÖN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 142 - 150, 29.12.2025

Hilal Gümüş Yasin Demirbaş , Ayça Özkan Koca , Milomir Stefanović

Öz

İntrogresif hibridizasyon, küresel biyoçeşitliliğe yönelik başlıca tehditlerden biri olup doğada farklı taksonomik birimlerin temsilcileri arasında geniş bir hayvan türü yelpazesinde meydana gelmektedir. Evcil domuz (Sus scrofa domestica) günümüzde Anadolu’da bulunmamaktadır; ancak Anadolu, yaban domuzlarında (Sus scrofa) eski evcilleştirme sinyallerinin gözlenmesinin beklendiği bir bölge olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Tarih öncesi dönem boyunca S. scrofa’nın önemli evcilleştirme merkezlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen ve çeşitli tarihsel dönemlerde evcil domuz yetiştiriciliğine ev sahipliği yapan Anadolu’nun, yerel yaban domuzu popülasyonlarının fenotipleri ve genetik varyantları üzerinde etkiler bırakmış olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Anadolu yaban domuzlarında potansiyel evcil domuz introgresyonunun varlığını araştırmak amacıyla, Anadolu’nun farklı bölgelerinden örneklenen 20 bireyin Melanokortin 1 Reseptör (MC1R) geni polimorfizmi incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, tüm bireylerin hem Avrupa hem de Asya kökenli yaban domuzları için karakteristik olan E⁺ aleli açısından homozigot olduğunu ve hiçbir bireyde evcil domuz introgresyonunu gösteren alellerin bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, örneklenen Anadolu yaban domuzlarında evcil domuz introgresyonunun mevcut olmadığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, Anadolu yaban domuzu örneklerinin daha büyük bir örneklemi üzerinde, MC1R genine ek olarak, mikrosatelitler veya genom çapında tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri
(SNP'ler) gibi çok lokuslu belirteçler kullanılarak evcil domuz introgresyonunun olası varlığı araştırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sus scrofa , Sus scrofa domestica , Melanacortin Resöptör 1 (MC1R) geni , introgresif hibritleşme , Anadolu

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma Hilal GÜMÜŞ'ün Yüksek Lisans tezinin bir parçasıdır.

A Preliminary Evaluation of Historical Hybridization Between Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) in Anatolia Based on the Mc1r Coat Colour Gene

Öz

Introgressive hybridization is recognized as a major threat to global biodiversity, occurring in nature among a wide range of animal species representing different taxonomic units.
Although the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is no longer present in Anatolia, the region is considered a potential source of ancient domestication signals in wild boars (Sus scrofa). Anatolia has prehistorically been regarded as one of the important centers of pig domestication and has hosted pig husbandry during various historical periods, which may have influenced the phenotypes and genetic variants of local wild boar populations. In this study, the polymorphism of the Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) gene was examined in 20 wild boar individuals sampled from different regions of Anatolia in order to investigate the presence of potential domestic pig introgression in Anatolian wild boars. The analysis results revealed that all individuals were homozygous for the E⁺ allele, which is characteristic of wild boars of both European and Asian origin, and that no individuals had alleles indicating domestic pig introgression. These findings indicate the absence of domestic pig introgression in the sampled Anatolian wild boars. Nevertheless, a larger sample of Anatolian wild boar should be investigated for the possible presence of domestic
pig introgression using multilocus markers such as microsatellites or genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in addition to the MC1R gene.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sus scrofa , Sus scrofa domestica , Melanacortin Receptor 1 (MC1R) gene , introgressive hybridization , Anatolia

Teşekkür

This study is a part of Hilal GÜMÜŞ's Master's thesis.

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