KÜLTÜR BALIKÇILIĞINDA BALIK-SİLİYAT (PROTISTA: CILIOPHORA) ETKİLEŞİMLERİ: SİMBİYOTİK ve EKOLOJİK İLİŞKİLER

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 3, 25 - 34, 15.06.2019

Naciye Gülkız Şenler , İsmail Yıldız

Öz

Siliyatlar en homojen ve tür çeşitliliği en fazla olan protist grubudur. Çoğu siliyat türü denizel, tatlısu ve karasal habitatlarda serbest yaşarlar. Bununla birlikte simbiyont olarak yaşayanları da mevcuttur. Simbiyotik türler zorunlu parazitlik ve kommensallikten fırsatçı, fakültatif formlara kadar çeşitlilik gösterirler. Siliyatlar balıklarda direkt olarak hastalığa sebep oldukları gibi, bakteri ve fungus gibi balık patojenleri aracılığıyla da balık sağlığını dolaylı olarak etkilerler. Ülkemizde son yıllarda kültür balıkçılığı ile gerek hobi niteliğinde gerekse gezme görme ve eğitim amaçlı olmak üzere, akvaryum balıkçılığı oldukça hızlı bir gelişim göstermiştir. Balık populasyon yoğunluğu yüksek olan akvaryumlar ve balık çiftliklerinde simbiyotik siliyatların neden olduğu hastalıklar da yaygınlaşmakta ve önemli kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Siliyatların balıklarla etkileşimleri sadece hastalık düzeyinde değildir. Sucul besin ağının önemli elemanlarıdır. Ayrıca balık kültürlerinde su kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi noktasında, biyolojik indikatörler olma potansiyeline sahiptirler. Bu derleme çalışma balık-siliyat arasındaki ilişkilere, özellikle simbiyotik ilişkinin bir parçası olan fırsatçı patojen siliyatlara dikkat çekmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

siliyat, balık, simbiyotik ilişkiler, ekoloji

Fish-Ciliate (Protista: Ciliophora) Interactions in Aquaculture: Symbiotic and Ecological Relations

Öz

The ciliates are the most homogeneous and the most diverse group of protists. Most ciliate species live free in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. However, there are also those living as symbiont. The symbiotic species range from obligatory parasitism and commensalism to opportunistic facultative forms. As the ciliates directly cause disease in fish, they affect fish health indirectly through fish pathogens such as bacteria and fungi. In aquariums and fish farms with high fish population density, diseases caused by symbiotic ciliates also become widespread and cause significant losses. The interaction of the ciliates with the fish is not the only disease. They are important members of aquatic food web. And they also have the potential to be biological indicators in the evaluation of water quality in fish cultures. This review is intended to draw attention to the relationships between fish-ciliate and particularly to opportunistic pathogen ciliates, which are part of the symbiotic relationship.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ciliates, fish, symbiotic relationships, ecology

Kaynakça

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