Rosa damascena'nın İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Terapötik Etkileri

Öz

Rosa damascena (Şam gülü), parfümeri, gıda ve geleneksel tıp alanlarında uzun süredir kullanılan aromatik bir bitkidir. Uçucu yağ, gül suyu, konkret, absolüt, kurutulmuş çiçek ve deneysel ekstraktlar gibi farklı ürünleri kimyasal bileşim ve biyolojik aktivite bakımından birbirinden ayrılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, R. damascena ürünlerinin fitokimyasal özellikleri, geleneksel kullanımları, farmakolojik etkileri, klinik uygulamaları ve güvenliliğine ilişkin mevcut bilgiler değerlendirilmiştir. Preklinik çalışmalar antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antienflamatuvar, analjezik ve nörofarmakolojik aktiviteler bildirmiştir; ancak sonuçlar kullanılan ürünün niteliğine, doza ve deney modeline göre değişmektedir. İnsan çalışmalarında özellikle ağrı, anksiyete ve uyku üzerine bazı kısa süreli olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, sınırlı örneklem büyüklükleri, ürünlerin yeterince standartlaştırılmaması ve çalışmalar arasındaki yöntem farklılıkları, mevcut bulguların genellenmesini güçleştirmektedir. Dermatolojik, gastrointestinal, kadın sağlığı ve kardiyovasküler etkilerle ilgili kanıtlar ise incelenen ürüne ve uygulama biçimine özgüdür. Güvenlilik verileri büyük ölçüde kısa süreli kullanımlarla sınırlıdır. Sonuç olarak, R. damascena umut verici biyolojik özelliklere sahip olmakla birlikte, terapötik değerinin kesin olarak belirlenebilmesi için kimyasal açıdan tanımlanmış ve standartlaştırılmış ürünlerle yürütülen daha güçlü klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• terapötik etkiler
• fitokimyasal bileşim
• aromaterapi
• cilt bakımı
• antioksidan aktivite

Therapeutic Effects of Rosa damascena on Human Health

Öz

Rosa damascena (Damask rose) is an aromatic plant with a long history of use in perfumery, food, and traditional medicine. Its products, including essential oil, rose water, rose concrete, rose absolute, dried flowers, and experimental extracts, differ in their chemical composition and biological activity. This review evaluates the available evidence on the phytochemical characteristics, traditional uses, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, and safety of R. damascena products. Preclinical studies have reported antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuropharmacological activities; however, the findings vary according to the preparation, dose, and experimental model. Human studies have shown some short-term improvements, particularly in pain, anxiety, and sleep. Nevertheless, small sample sizes, insufficient product standardization, and methodological differences among studies limit the generalizability of the available evidence. Findings related to dermatological, gastrointestinal, women’s health, and cardiovascular outcomes remain specific to the product and route of administration investigated. Safety data are largely restricted to short-term use. Overall, R. damascena possesses promising biological properties, but stronger clinical studies using chemically characterized and standardized products are needed to establish its therapeutic value.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Therapeutic effects
• Phytochemical composition
• Aromatherapy
• Antioxidant activity
• Skin care

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that all rules required under the Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive were followed and that none of the actions listed under “Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics” were undertaken. As this article is a narrative review based exclusively on previously published literature and did not involve human participants, animals, or the collection of primary data, ethics committee approval was not required. Artificial intelligence-assisted tools were used during the preparation and revision of this manuscript to support language editing, clarity, and organization. All AI-assisted outputs were critically reviewed and verified by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and final content of the manuscript.

Teşekkür

I would like to thank my family for always being there for me, my supervisor for their guidance and support, and myself for the effort I put into completing this study.

Kaynakça

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