BIODEGRADATION OF POLYCYCLİC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY HALOPHİLİC BACTERİA AND HALOPHİLİC ARCHAEA

Öz

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons  are widespread in various ecosystems and are pollutants of great concern due to their potential toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Because of their hydrophobic nature, most PAHs bind to particulates in soil and sediments, rendering them less available for biological uptake. Microbial degradation represents the major mechanism responsible for the ecological remediation of PAHs contaminated sites. Hypersaline environments are important ecological significance. As all other ecosystems, they are impacted by pollution. It is estimated that 5% of industrial effluents are saline and hypersaline. Nonextremophilic microorganisms are unable to efficiently perform the removal of organic pollutants at high salt concentrations. Halophilic microorganisms are metabolically different and are adapted to extreme salinity. These microorganisms are good candidates for the bioremediation of hypersaline environments. The purpose of this rewiev that determination of halophilic bacteria and archaea biodegradation capacity of aromatic hydrocarbons and to clarify the metabolic pathway in this process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Archaea,Biodegradation,Bioremediation,Halophilic Archaea,Halophilic Bacteria,PAH

POLİSİKLİK AROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN HALOFİLİK BAKTERİ VE ARKEA'LAR TARAFINDAN BİYOLOJİK OLARAK PARÇALANMALARI

Öz

PAH’lar doğada yaygın olarak bulunurlar ve potansiyel toksisiteleri, mutajeniteleri, karsinojeniteleri nedeniyle çevre kirleticisi olarak büyük öneme sahiptirler. Hidrofobik özellikleri nedeniyle pek çok PAH toprak ve sediment partiküllerine bağlanarak çevrede uzun süre parçalanmadan kalabilmektedir. Aşırı tuzlu habitatlar ekolojik açıdan oldukça önemlidirler. Tüm ekosistemler gibi bu ortamlarda sürekli olarak kontaminasyona uğramaktadırlar. Endüstriyel atıkların yaklaşık olarak %5'i tuzlu veya aşırı tuzlu atıklardır. Yüksek tuz konsantrasyonunda organik kirleticilerin ekstrem olmayan mikroorganizmalar ile bertaraf edilmesi mümkün değildir. Halofilik mikroorganizmalar metabolizmaları bakımından diğer mikroorganizmalardan farklıdırlar ve aşırı tuzlu ortamlarda yaşamaya adapte olmuşlardır. Bu mikroorganizmalar aşırı tuzlu ortamlardaki kirleticilerin biyoremediasyonları için kullanılabilirler. Bu derlemenin amacı; halofilik bakteri ve arkeaların aromatik hidrokarbonları biyolojik parçalama kapasitelerini ve bu süreçte kullandıkları metabolik yolları aydınlatmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik Parçalama,Biyoremediyasyon,Halofilik Arkea,Halofilik Bakteri,PAH

Kaynakça

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