BIODEGRADATION OF POLYCYCLİC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY HALOPHİLİC BACTERİA AND HALOPHİLİC ARCHAEA

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 037, 35 - 46, 30.12.2017

Sevim Feyza Erdoğmuş , Safiye Elif Korcan

Öz

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons  are widespread in various ecosystems and are
pollutants of great concern due to their potential toxicity, mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity. Because of their hydrophobic nature, most PAHs bind to
particulates in soil and sediments, rendering them less available for
biological uptake. Microbial degradation represents the major mechanism
responsible for the ecological remediation of PAHs contaminated sites. Hypersaline environments are important ecological
significance. As all other ecosystems, they are impacted by pollution. It is
estimated that 5% of industrial effluents are saline and hypersaline.
Nonextremophilic microorganisms are unable to efficiently perform the removal
of organic pollutants at high salt concentrations. Halophilic microorganisms
are metabolically different and are adapted to extreme salinity. These
microorganisms are good candidates for the bioremediation of hypersaline
environments. The purpose of this rewiev that determination of
halophilic bacteria and archaea biodegradation capacity of aromatic
hydrocarbons and to clarify the metabolic pathway in this process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Archaea, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Halophilic Archaea, Halophilic Bacteria, PAH

POLİSİKLİK AROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN HALOFİLİK BAKTERİ VE ARKEA'LAR TARAFINDAN BİYOLOJİK OLARAK PARÇALANMALARI

Öz

PAH’lar doğada yaygın olarak bulunurlar
ve potansiyel toksisiteleri, mutajeniteleri, karsinojeniteleri nedeniyle çevre
kirleticisi olarak büyük öneme sahiptirler. Hidrofobik özellikleri nedeniyle
pek çok PAH toprak ve sediment partiküllerine bağlanarak çevrede uzun süre
parçalanmadan kalabilmektedir. Aşırı tuzlu habitatlar ekolojik açıdan oldukça
önemlidirler. Tüm ekosistemler gibi bu ortamlarda sürekli olarak kontaminasyona
uğramaktadırlar. Endüstriyel atıkların yaklaşık olarak %5'i tuzlu veya aşırı
tuzlu atıklardır. Yüksek tuz konsantrasyonunda organik kirleticilerin ekstrem
olmayan mikroorganizmalar ile bertaraf edilmesi mümkün değildir. Halofilik
mikroorganizmalar metabolizmaları bakımından diğer mikroorganizmalardan
farklıdırlar ve aşırı tuzlu ortamlarda yaşamaya adapte olmuşlardır. Bu
mikroorganizmalar aşırı tuzlu ortamlardaki kirleticilerin biyoremediasyonları
için kullanılabilirler. Bu derlemenin amacı; halofilik bakteri ve arkeaların
aromatik hidrokarbonları biyolojik parçalama kapasitelerini ve bu süreçte
kullandıkları metabolik yolları aydınlatmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyolojik Parçalama, Biyoremediyasyon, Halofilik Arkea, Halofilik Bakteri, PAH

Kaynakça

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