BUDGET DEFICIT NEWS AND INTEREST RATES

Yıl 2004, Sayı: 11, - , 20.06.2015

Feride Öztürk

Öz

This paper aims to review theoretical arguments and constitute a framework to view the state, the economy, and interest groups within the concept of collective action. This study reviews macro-level explanations for institutions and collective action -namely perspectives towards political institutions (the state), state-society relations, etc. Micro level explanations of institutions and collective actions - namely theories explaining the rationale of individuals for participation in collective action is excluded from the content of this article for the reason of space. There is a wide literature of relevance to this study since political and social theories and/or models, primarily or secondarily, try to determine factors that influence the ability of different groups to organise in defence of their common economic and political interests. Therefore, I will examine the various existing theories, outline their common themes and assess their merits in explaining the patterns of collective behaviour of the state, businessmen, and labour

Anahtar Kelimeler

State, economic classes, collective action, political interests and interest representation

BUDGET DEFICIT NEWS AND INTEREST RATES

Öz

Bu makale teorik tartışmaları inceleyerek kolektif hareket konsepti içinde devlet, ekonomi ve çıkar gruplarının incelenebileceği bir çerçeve oluşturma amacını taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada kurumları ve kolektif hareketi makro düzeyde –yani, politik kurumları (devlet) ve devlet-toplum ilşikilerini- izahetmeye çalışan teorileri irdelemektededir. Kurumları ve kolektif hareketi mikro düzeyde –yani, bireyi kolektif davranışa ve harekete yönlendiren rasyoneli- izaha çabalayan teoriler yer azlığından bu makale kapsamının dışında brakılmıştır. Farklı grupların kendi ekonomik ve politik çıkarlarını savunmak amacıyla örgütlenmelerini sağlayan etkenleri belirlemeye çalışan teorilerden oluşan çok geniş bir literatür sözkonusudur. Literaturün genişliği bizi temel sayılabilecek politik teorileri inceleyip bu teorilerin devlet, işadamı ve işçi sınıfının kolektif davranişlarının genel yapısını izahetmelerindeki ortak anatemalarını ve bu çabalamalarındaki eksik ve üstün yönlerini tartışmaya yöneltmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Devlet, ekonomik sınıflar, kolektif hareket, ve politik çıkarler, ve temsil

Kaynakça

• Almond, G. A. and Powell, G. B. (1978). Comparative Politics. Boston,
• Toronto: Little, Brown, and Company. Arrighi, G., Hopkins, T. K., and Wallerstein, I. (1989). Antisystemic
• Movements. London: Verso. Atkinson, M. M. and Coleman, W. D. (1985). “Corporatism and Industrial
• Policy”, In Organised Interests and the State, ed. by Cawson, A. London, California, and New Delhi: Sage Publications, pp. 22-44. Bates, R. T. (1995). “Social Dilemmas and Rational Individuals: An
• Assessment of the New Institutionalism”, In The New Institutional Economics and Third World Development, ed. by Harris, J. et al. London and N.Y.: Routledge, pp. 27-48. Berry, J. M. (1989). The Interest Group Society. Illinois, Boston, and London: Scott, Foresman/Little, and Brown.
• Bill, J. A. and Leiden, C. (1979). Politics in the Middle East. Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company.
• Blom-Hansen, J. (1997). “A New Institutional Perspective on Policy
• Networks”, Public Administration, 75: 669-693. Bowman, J. R. (1989). Capitalist Collective Action: Competition,
• Cooperation, and Conflict in the Coal Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bowman, J. R. (1998). “Achieving Capitalist Solidarity: Collective Action among Norwegian Employers”, Politics & Society, 26: 3: 303-36.
• Buchanan, J. M. (1989). Essays on the Political Economy. Honolulu:
• University of Hawaii Press. Cawson, A. (1986). Corporatism and Political Theory. Oxford and New
• York: Basil Blackwell. Chang, H. and Rowthorn, R. (1995). The Role of the State in Economic
• Change. Oxford, New York: Clarendon Press. Coleman, W. D. (1990). “State Tradition and Comprehensive Business
• Associations: A Comparative Structural Analysis”, Political Studies, 38: 231-2
• Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven and London:
• Yale University Press. Diamant, A. (1966). “The Nature of Political Development” In Political
• Development and Social Change, ed. by Finkle, J. L. and Gable, R. W. New York: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 91-95. Dowding, K. (1995). “Model or Metaphor? A Critical Review of the Policy
• Network Approach”, Political Studies, 43: 136-58. Dunleavy, P. and O'Leary, B. (1987). The Theories of the State: The Politics of Liberal Democracy. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.
• Dyson, K. (1980). The State Tradition in Western Europe. Oxford: Martin Robertson.
• Eggertsson, T. (1990). Economic Behaviour and Institutions. Cambridge,
• N.Y. and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Eisenstadt, S. N. (1967). “Initial Institutional Patterns of Political
• Mobilization”, In Political Modernization, ed. by Welch, Jr. C. E. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth. pp. 61-79. Elster, J. (1985). Making Sense of Marx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Evans, P. (1992). “The State as Problem and Solution: Predation, Embedded
• Autonomy, and Structural Change”, In The Politics of Economic Adjustment ed. by Haggard, S. and Kaufman, R. R. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 139-180. Finegold, K. and Skocpol, T. (1984). “State, Party, and Industry from
• Business Recovery to the Wagner Act in America's New Deal”, In State Making and Social Movements ed. by Bright, C. and Harding, S. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. pp. 159-192. Frankel, B. (1979). “On the State of the State: Marxist Theories of the State after Leninism”, In Classes, Power, and Conflict: Classical and Contemporary Debates, ed. by Giddens, A. and Held, D. Berkeley, Los
• Angeles: University of California Press. pp 257-273. Gerschenkron, A. (1962). Economic Backwardness in Historical
• Perspective: A Book of Essays. Cambridge and Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Haggard, S. and Kaufman, R. R. (1992). “Institutions and Economic
• Adjustment”, In The Politics of Economic Adjustment, ed. by Haggard, S. and Kaufman, R. R. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 3- Harris, J., Hunter, J., and Lewis, C. M. (1995). The New Institutional
• Economics and Third World Development. London and N.Y.: Routledge. Harris, L. (1983). “Introduction to Chapter 3: The State and the Economy”,
• In States and Societies, ed. by Held, D. et al. Oxford: The Open University. pp. 317-19. Held, D. (1989). Political Theory and the Modern State. Stanford,
• California: Stanford University Press. Heper, M. (1991). Strong State and Economic Interest Groups: The Post- 1980 Turkish Experience. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.
• Hirschman, A. O. (1958). The Strategy of Economic Development. New
• Haven, London: Yale University Press. Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in
• Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge and Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Hirschman, A. O. (1982). Shifting Involvements: Private Interest and Public
• Action. Oxford: Martin Robertson. Huntington, S. P. and Nelson, J. M. (1976). No Easy Choice Political
• Participation in Developing Countries. Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press. Jessop, B. (1983). “The Capitalist State and the Rule of Capital: Problems in the Analysis of Business Associations”, West European Politics, 6: 2: 139
• Jessop, B. (1990). State Theory: Putting Capitalist States in Their Place.
• Cambridge: Polity Press. Judge, D. (1999). Representation Theory and Practice in Britain. London, New York: Routledge.
• Katzenstein, P. S. (1978). Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic
• Policies of Advanced Industrial States. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Katzenstein, P. S. (1984). Corporatism and Change. New York, London:
• Cornell University Press. Kaufman, J. (1999). “Three Views of Associationalism in 19th Century
• America: An Empirical Examination”, American Journal of Sociology, 104: 5: 1296-1345.
• Knoke, D. (1990). Organizing for Collective Action: The Political
• Economies of Associations. New York: Walter de Gruyter. Knoke, D. and Kuklinski, J. H. (1991). “Network Analysis: Basic Concepts”,
• In Markets, Hierarchies and Networks ed. by Thompson et al. London, California, New Delhi: Sage Publications. pp. 173-182. Kramer, P. E. (1966). The Societal State. Meppel: J. A. Boom en Zoon.
• Lichbach, M. I. (1995). The Rebel's Dilemma. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
• Lindblom, C. E. (1965). The Intelligence of Democracy: Decision Making
• Through Mutual Adjustment. New York: The Free Press. Lindblom, C. E. (1977). Politics and Markets: The World's Political
• Economic Systems. New York: Basic Books. Lipset, S. M., Trow, M., and Coleman, J. (1962). Union Democracy: The Internal Politics of the International Typographical Union. New York: Anchor Books.
• Lofland, J. (1996). Social Movement Organisations. New York: Walter de Gruyter.
• Maheu, L. (1995). Social Movements and Social Classes: The Future of
• Collective Action. London, California and New Delhi: Sage Publications. March, J. G. and Olsen, J. P. (1989). Rediscovering Institutions: The Organisational Basis of Politics. New York: The Free Press.
• Melucci, A. (1995). “The New Social Movements Revisited: Reflections on a Sociological Misunderstanding”, In Social Movements and Social Classes ed. by Maheu, L. London, California and New Delhi: Sage Publications. 107
• Mintz, B. (1995). “Business Participation in Health Care Policy Reform:
• Factors Contributing to Collective Action within the Business Community”, Social Problems, 42: 3: 408-28). Moore, M. and Hamalai, L. (1993). “Economic Liberalisation, Political
• Pluralism And Business Associations In Developing Countries”, World Development,21: 12: 1895-1912.
• North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic
• Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Offe, C. (1984). Contradictions of the Welfare State. ed. by Keane, J.
• London: Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. Offe, C. (1985). Disorganized Capitalism. Oxford, Cambridge, and New York: Polity Press.
• Offe, C. and Wiesenthal, H. (1980). “Two Logics of Collective Action:
• Theoretical Notes on Social Class and Organizational Form”, Political Power and Social Theory, 1: 67-115. Olson, M. (1965). The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harward University Press.
• Olson, M. (1982). The Rise and Decline of Nations. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
• Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge, New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
• Ostrom, E. (1995). “New Horizons in Institutional Analysis”, American
• Political Science Review, 89: 1: 174-178. Peters, B. G. (1999). Institutional Theory in Political Science. London, N.Y.: Continuum.
• Poulantzas, N. (1973). Political Power and Social Class. London: New Left Books.
• Rhodes, R. A. W. and Marsh, D. (1992). Policy Networks in British
• Government. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Rhodes, R. A. W. (1995). Understanding Governance: Policy Networks,
• Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability. Buckingham and Bristol: Open University Press. Rueschemeyer, D. and Evans, P. B. (1985). “The State and Economic
• Transformation: Toward an Analysis of the Conditions Underlying Effective Intervention”, In Bringing the State Back In, ed. by Evans, P., Rueschemeyer, D. and Skocpol, T. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 44-77. Schmitter, P. C. (1979). “Still the Century of Corporatism”, In Trends
• Toward Corporatist Intermediation, ed. by Schmitter, P. C. and Lehmbruch, G. London and Beverly Hills: Sage Publications Ltd. pp. 7-52. Scholten, I. (1987). Political Stability and Neo-corporatism: Corporatist
• Integration and Societal Cleavages in Western Europe. London, California and New Delhi: SAGE Publications. Skocpol, T. (1985). “Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in
• Current Research”, In Bringing the State Back In ed. by Evans, P., Rueschemeyer, D. and Skocpol, T. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3-44. Smith, M. J. (1993). Pressure, Power and Policy: State Autonomy and Policy Networks in Britain and the United States. New York and London:
• Harvester Wheatsheaf. Streeck, W. and Schmitter, P. C. (1991). “Community, Market, State – and Associations? The Prospective Contribution of Interest Governance to Social
• Order”, In Markets, Hierarchies and Networks ed. by Thompson, G. et al.. London, California, and New Delhi: The Open University and Sage Publications. pp. 227-241. Therborn, G. (1992). “Lessons from Corporatist Theorizations”, In Social
• Corporatism: A Superior Economic System? ed. by Pekkarinen, j., Pohjola, M., and Rowthorn, B. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 24-43. Truman, D. B. (1971). The Governmental Process. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
• Williamson, P. J. (1989). Corporatism in Perspective: An Introductory
• Guide to Corporatist Theory. London, California and New Delhi: Sage Publications. Makaleler Pontusson, J. (1995). “From Comparative Public Policy to Political
• Economy: Putting Political Institutions in Their Place and Taking Interests Seriously”, Comparative Political Studies, 28: 1: 117-147. Shamis, H. E. (1999). “Distributional Coalitions and the Politics of
• Economic Reform in Latin America”, World Politics, 51: 2: 236-268. Skocpol, T. (1980). “Political Response to Capitalist Crisis: Neo-Marxist
• Theories and the Case of the New Deal”, Politics and Society, 10: 255-78. Traxler, F (1993). “Business Associations and Labor Unions in Comparison:
• Theoretical Perspectives and empirical Findings on Social Class, Collective Action and Associational Organizability”, The British Journal of Sociology, 44: 4: 673-691. Waarden, F. V. (1992). “Dimensions and Types of Policy Networks”,
• European Journal of Political Research, 21: 29-52.