Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İş Tatmini İlişkisi: Türkiye’de Sağlık Sektörü Çalışanları Perspektifinden Kapsamlı Bir Meta Analiz Çalışması

Öz

Bu kapsamlı meta analiz çalışması, sağlık sektörü çalışanlarının iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkileri baz alarak hazırlanan yurtiçi yayınların özetini sunmaktadır. Çalışma için veriler Ocak 2022 tarihinde toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Ulusal Tez Merkezi üzerinde taranan yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri, DergiPark Akademik ile TR Dizin tarafından endekslenmiş makaleler oluşturmaktadır. Taramalar ve dahil etme kriterleri neticesinde toplam 46 çalışmanın analiz için uygun olduğuna karar verilmiştir. Kapsamlı meta analiz programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda, sağlık sektörü çalışanlarının iş tatmini ve örgüsel bağlılıkları arasındaki randomize etki büyüklüğünün genel z ve p testi değerlerinin anlamlı, pozitif ve orta düzeyde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma kapsamı içerisinde incelenen 2 adet çalışmaya ait güven aralıklarının alt limitlerinin diğer çalışmalara göre daha düşük olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Uygun etki büyüklüğü modeline karar verme aşamasında önce gerekli heterojenite testleri yapılmış, Cohrane Q testinin ki kare test sonucu ve Higgins’in I2 test istatistikleri neticesinde araştırma verilerinin homojen dağılmadığı, orman grafiği sonuçları da göz önünde bulundurularak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında gerçekleştirilen yayın yanlılığı testleri, çalışmada yayın yanlılığı olmadığına ve elde edilen sonuçların güvenilir olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Elde edilen bulguların ileride yapılacak çalışmalara yol gösterici olduğu ve sağlık yöneticileri ile politika yapıcılar için kanıta dayalı bilgiler sunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık Bilimleri
• Örgütsel Bağlılık
• İş Tatmini
• Sağlık Çalışanları
• Meta Analiz

The Relationshiıp Between Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Study from the Perspective of Healthcare Workers in Turkey

Öz

This comprehensive meta-analysis study presents a summary of domestic publications based on the relationship between job satisfaction and the organizational commitment of healthcare professionals. The data of the study were collected in January 2022. The population of the research consisted of master's and doctoral theses, which were scanned on the National Thesis Center, and articles indexed by DergiPark Academic and TR Index. As a result of the screenings and in accordance with the inclusion criteria, it was decided a total of 46 studies that were suitable for analysis. As a result of the analyses carried out using the comprehensive meta-analysis program, it was revealed that the general z and p test values of the randomized impact size between the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the health sector workers were significant, positive, and moderate. It was concluded that the lower limits of the confidence intervals of the 2 studies examined within the scope of the research were lower than the other studies. Before deciding on the appropriate impact size model, necessary heterogeneity tests were performed, and it was determined that the research data were not homogeneously distributed as a result of the Chi-square test result of the Cochran's Q test and Higgins' I2 test statistics, considering the forest graph results. Publication bias tests performed within the scope of the study indicate that there is no publication bias in the study and the results obtained are reliable. It is considered that the findings obtained will guide future studies and will provide evidence-based information for health managers and policymakers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Healthcare Sciences
• Organizational Commitment
• Job Satisfacition
• Healthcare Workers
• Meta Analysis

Kaynakça

1. Ahmad, N. ve Oranye, N. O. (2010). Empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: a comparative analysis of nurses working in Malaysia and England. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(5), 582-591.
2. Ahn, E. ve Kang, H. (2018). Introduction to systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 71(2), 103.
3. Akanbi, P. A. ve Itiola, K. A. (2013). Exploring the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among health workers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 1(2), 18-22.
4. Akbolat, M., Işık, O. ve Tengilimoğlu, D. (2015). Personel uygulamalarinin örgütsel bağliliğa, örgütsel bağlılığının iş tatminine etkileri. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 17(2), 3-27.
5. Al-Aameri, A. S. (2000). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment for nurses. Saudi Medical Journal, 21(6), 531-535.
6. Al-Haroon, H. I. ve Al-Qahtani, M. F. (2020). Assessment of organizational commitment among nurses in a major public hospital in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 13, 519-526.
7. Allen, N. J. ve Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18.
8. Allen, N. J. ve Meyer, J. P. (1996). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49(3), 252-276.

9. Assari, H., Safi, V. ve Assari, M. (2016). An evaluation on the relation of organizational commitment and knowledge sharing a case study: Trade Ministry Rahbar Informatics ServiceCo. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(5), 111. doi:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n51p111.
10. Bateman, T. S. ve Strasser, S. (1984). A longitudinal analysis of the antecedents of organizational commitment. Academy of Management Journal, 27(1), 95-112.
11. Blegen, M. A. (1993). Nurses' job satisfaction: a meta-analysis of related variables. Nursing Research, 42(1), 36-41.
12. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. ve Rothstein, H. R. (2021). Introduction to meta-analysis. USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
13. Bowman, T. G., Mazerolle, S. M. ve Dodge, T. M. (2016). Retention initiatives used by professional bachelor’s athletic training program directors. Athletic Training Education Journal, 11(1), 18–26. DOI:10.4085/110118.
14. Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D. ve Klesh, J. (1979). The michigan organizational assessment questionnaire. Unpublished Manuscript, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
15. Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, G. D., ve Klesh, J. (1983). Michigan organizational assessment questionnaire. In Seashore, S. E., Lawler, E.E., Mirvis, P. H. ve Cammann, C. (Eds.), Assessing organizational change: a guide to methods, measures, and practices (pp. 71–138). New York: Wiley-Interscience.
16. Camp, S. D. (1994). Assessing the effects of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on turnover: An event history approach. The Prison Journal, 74(3), 279-305.
17. Can, Ş. (2019). Türkiye’de sosyal bilimler alanında yapılan meta-analiz çalışmalarına yönelik bir içerik analizi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 6(42), 2725-2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.1415.
18. Cantarelli, P., Belardinelli, P. ve Belle, N. (2016). A meta-analysis of job satisfaction correlates in the public administration literature. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 36(2), 115-144.
19. Carver, L. ve Candela, L. (2008). Attaining organizational commitment across different generations of nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 16(8), 984-991.
20. Chang, C. S. (2015). Moderating effects of nurses’ organizational support on the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 37(6), 724-745.
21. Chegini, Z., Janati, A., Asghari-Jafarabadi, M. ve Khosravizadeh, O. (2019). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, organizational justice and self-efficacy among nurses. Nursing Practice Today, 6(2), 86-93.
22. Choi, S. E. ve Kim, S. D. (2016). A meta-analysis of the variables related to job satisfaction among Korean nurses. Contemporary Nurse, 52(4), 462-476.
23. Churchill Jr, G. A., Ford, N. M. ve Walker Jr, O. C. (1974). Measuring the job satisfaction of industrial salesmen. Journal of Marketing Research, 11(3), 254-260.
24. Cook, J. ve Wall, T. (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non‐fulfilment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53(1), 39-52.
25. Curry, J. P., Wakefield, D. S., Price, J. L. ve Mueller, C. W. (1986). On the causal ordering of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Academy of Management Journal, 29(4), 847-858.
26. Çınar, İ. ve Kavlak, O. (2009). İzmir ilinde çalışan ambulans ve acil bakım teknikerlerinde iş doyumunun ve buna etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi. Akademik Acil Tıp Dergisi, 8(3), 33-37.
27. Darıcan, Ş. (2019). Hastanelerde personel güçlendirmenin iş tatmini, yöneticiye güven ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisi ve buna yönelik bir araştırma. [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi], Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
28. Deniz, N., Noyan, A. ve Ertosun, Ö. G. (2013). The relationship between employee silence and organizational commitment in a private healthcare company. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 691-700.
29. Denizli, F. (2020). Medikal turizm kapsamındaki sağlık çalışanlarının memnuniyet ve örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri: Kayseri Örneği. [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Kayseri Üniversitesi, Kayseri.
30. Ergün, E. ve Çelik, S. (2015). Yöneticilerin görev ve çalışan odaklı liderlik davranışları ve hemşirelerin iş tatmini, örgütsel bağlılığı ve iş stresi arasındaki ilişki. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 23(3), 203-214.
31. Esfahani, P. ve Heydari, A. (2019). The relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment in hospitals of Iran: A meta-analysis. Pajouhan Scientific Journal, 17(3), 8-15.
32. Farsi, Z., Dehghan‐Nayeri, N., Negarandeh, R. ve Broomand, S. (2010). Nursing profession in Iran: an overview of opportunities and challenges. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 7(1), 9-18.
33. Field, A. P. (2001). Meta-analysis of correlation coefficients: A monte carlo comparison of fixed-and random-effects methods. Psychological Methods, 6(2), 161.
34. Flynn, B. B. (1994). The relationship between quality management practices, infrastructure and fast product innovation. Benchmarking For Quality Management & Technology, 1(1), 48–64. doi:10.1108/14635779410056886.
35. Gedik, A. ve Üstüner, M. (2017). Eğitim örgütlerinde örgütsel bağlılık ve iş doyumu ilişkisi: Bir meta analiz çalışması. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 41-57.
36. Gider, Ö., Şimşek, G., Ocak, S. ve Top, M. (2011). Hastane organizasyonlarında örgütsel bağlılık ve iş doyumunun analizi: Hemşireler ve tibbi sekreterler üzerine bir araştırma. Öneri Dergisi, 9(35), 93-101.
37. Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5(10), 3-8.
38. Glisson, C. ve Durick, M. (1988). Predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in human service organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(1), 61-81.
39. Gökaslan, S. ve Kanad, N. (2020). üçüncü basamak bir üniversite hastanesinde asistan ve uzman doktorların iş doyumu ve motivasyonunu etkileyen faktörler. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 21(1), 92-97.
40. Gregory, D. M., Way, C. Y., LeFort, S., Barrett, B. J. ve Parfrey, P. S. (2007). Predictors of registered nurses' organizational commitment and intent to stay. Health Care Management Review, 32(2), 119-127.
41. Guddat, C., Grouven, U., Bender, R. ve Skipka, G. (2012). A note on the graphical presentation of prediction intervals in random-effects meta-analyses. Systematic Reviews, 1(1), 1-5.
42. Güleç ̧ D. ve Samancı, S. (2018). The relationship between organizational commitment and jobsatisfaction in Turkey: A meta-analytical study. International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science, 4(1), 9–21. doi:10.19148/ijhbs.408904.
43. Hackman, J. R. ve Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. USA: Addison-Wesley.
44. Hausknecht, J. P., Hiller, N. J. ve Vance, R. J. (2008). Work-unit absenteeism: effects of satisfaction, commitment, labor market conditions, and time. Academy of Management Journal, 51(6), 1223–1245. doi:10.5465/amj.2008.35733022.
45. Ho, W. H., Chang, C. S., Shih, Y. L. ve Liang, R. D. (2009). Effects of job rotation and role stress among nurses on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Bmc Health Services Research, 9(1), 1-10.
46. Ingersoll, G. L., Olsan, T., Drew-Cates, J., DeVinney, B. C. ve Davies, J. (2002). Nurses’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and career intent. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 32(5), 250-263.
47. Jones, M. K., Jones, R. J., Latreille, P. L. ve Sloane, P. J. (2009). Training, job satisfaction, and workplace performance in Britain: evidence from WERS 2004. Labour, 23, 139-175.
48. Karem, M. A., Mahmood, Y. N., Jameel, A. S. ve Ahmad, A. R. (2019). The effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on nurses’ performance. Journal of Humanities And Social Sciences Reviews. 7(6), 332-339.
49. Kırkpınar, S. ve İşcan, Ö. F. (2018). Liderlik tarzlarının iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılığa etkileri. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 21(1), 1-29.
50. Knoop, R. (1995). Relationships among job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment for nurses. The Journal of Psychology, 129(6), 643-649.
51. Korkut, Y. ve Meral, Y. (2018). Örgütsel adaletin, örgütsel bağlılık ve iş doyumu üzerine etkileri: hekimler üzerinde bir araştırma. PressAcademia Procedia, 7(1), 393-402.
52. Koslowksy, M., Caspy, T. ve Lazar, M. (1991). Cause and effect explanations of job satisfaction and commitment: the case of exchange commitment. The Journal of Psychology, 125(2), 153-162.
53. Köse, S. D. ve Köse, T. (2017). The effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment of healthcare personnel. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(1), 54-59.
54. Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for T-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 863, 1-12.
55. Lambert, E. G. (2004a). The impact of job characteristics on correctional staff members. The Prison Journal, 84(2), 208-227.
56. Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L. ve Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644-656.
57. Lambert, E. G., Reynolds, K. M., Paoline III, E. A. ve Watkins, R. C. (2004b). The effects of occupational stressors on jail staff job satisfaction. Journal of Crime and Justice, 27(1), 1-32.
58. Laroche, P. ve Soulez, S. (2012). Meta-analysis for marketing research. Recherche Et Applications En Marketing (English Edition), 27(1), 79-104.
59. Li, N., Zhang, L., Xiao, G., Chen, Z. J. ve Lu, Q. (2020). Effects of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and workplace violence on turnover intention of emergency nurses: A cross‐sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 26(6), e12854, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12854.
60. Lin, J. Y., Lin, C. J. ve Cheng, C. J. (2013). A study of the relationship between job stress, job burnout, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among medical radiologists in Taiwan. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 34(2-3), 149-167.
61. Lin, L. ve Chu, H. (2018). Quantifying publication bias in meta‐analysis. Biometrics, 74(3), 785-794.
62. Lin, W. Q., Yuan, L. X., Kuang, S. Y., Zhang, X. X., Lu, C. J., Lin, T. T., ... ve Wang, P. X. (2020). Work engagement as a mediator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction among community health-care workers in China: A cross-sectional study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(6), 666-674.
63. Lowe, G. (2012). How employee engagement matters for hospital performance. Healthcare Quarterly, 15(2), 29-39.
64. Lu, H., While, A. E. ve Barriball, K. L. (2005). Job satisfaction among nurses: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 42(2), 211-227.
65. Lu, K. Y., Chiou, S. L. ve Chang, Y. Y. (2000). A study of the professional commitment changes from nursing students to registered nurses. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 16(1), 39-46.
66. Mahmoud, A. H. (2008). A study of nurses' job satisfaction: the relationship to organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and level of education. European Journal of Scientific Research, 22(2), 286-295.
67. Mathieu, J. E. ve Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171-194.
68. Merican, I. ve bin Yon, R. (2002). Health care reform and changes: The Malaysian experience. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 14(1), 17-22.
69. Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L. ve Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of vocational behavior, 61(1), 20-52.
70. Moorman, R. H., Niehoff, B. P. ve Organ, D. W. (1993). Treating employees fairly and organ-izational citizenship behavior: Sorting the effects of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and procedural justice. Employee Responsibilities And Rights Journal, 6(3), 209–225, doi:10.1007/BF01419445.
71. Morrens, M., Overloop, C., Coppens, V., Loots, E., Van Den Noortgate, M., Vandenameele, S., ... ve De Picker, L. (2022). The relationship between immune and cognitive dysfunction in mood and psychotic disorder: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry, 1-10.
72. Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M. ve Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247.
73. Naqvi, S. A. H., Hashmi, M. A., Raza, S. A., Zeeshan, A. ve Shaikh, F. M. (2011). Impact of supportive leadership and organizational learning culture as a moderator on the relationship of psychological empowerment and organizational commitment. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(8), 65-71.
74. Nehrir, B., Ebadi, A. B. A. S., Sh, T., AA, K. Z. ve Honarvar, H. (2010). Relationship of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in hospital nurses. Journal Mil Med, 12(1), 23-26.
75. Paglis, L. L. ve Green, S. G. (2002). Leadership self-efficacy and managers’ motivation for leading change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(2), 215–235. doi:10.1002/job.137.
76. Palumbo, M. V., Sikorski, E. A. ve Liberty, B. C. (2013). Exploring the cost-effectiveness of unit-based health promotion activities for nurses. Workplace Health & Safety, 61(12), 514–520. doi:10.3928/21650799-20131206-01.
77. Pearce, J. L., Branyiczki, I. ve Bigley, G. A. (2000). Insufficient bureaucracy: Trust and commitment in particularistic organizations. Organization Science, 11(2), 148-162.
78. Sedgwick, P (2015). What is publication bias in a meta-analysis? Bmj, 351, 1-2.
79. Shahjehan, A., Afsar, B. ve Shah, S. I. (2019). Is organizational commitment-job satisfaction relationship necessary for organizational commitment-citizenship behavior relationships? A meta-analytical necessary condition analysis. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 2657-2679.
80. Shore, L. M. ve Martin, H. J. (1989). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment in relation to work performance and turnover intentions. Human Relations, 42(7), 625-638.
81. Siew, P. L., Chitpakdee, B. ve Chontawan, R. (2011). Factors predicting organizational commitment among nurses in state hospitals, Malaysia. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 10(2), 21-28.
82. Sikorska-Simmons, E. (2005). Predictors of organizational commitment among staff in assisted living. The Gerontologist, 45(2), 196-205.
83. Sow, M. T. (2015). Relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intentions among healthcare internal auditors. (Unpublished Doctorial Dissertation), Walden University, USA.
84. Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the job satisfaction survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693.
85. Staley, A. B., Dastoor, B., Magner, N. R. ve Stolp, C. (2003). The contribution of organizational justice in budget decision-making to federal managers’ organizational commitment. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 15(4), 505–524. doi:10.1108/JPBAFM-15-04-2003-B002.
86. Stenholm, D., Mathiesen, H.ve Bergsjo, D. (2015). Knowledge based development in automo-tive industry guided by lean enablers for system engineering. Procedia Computer Science, (44), 244–253. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.047.
87. Tawfik, G. M., Dila, K. A. S., Mohamed, M. Y. F., Tam, D. N. H., Kien, N. D., Ahmed, A. M. ve Huy, N. T. (2019). A step by step guide for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis with simulation data. Tropical Medicine and Health, 47(1), 1-9.
88. Tett, R. P. ve Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293.
89. Top, M. (2012). Hekim ve hemşirelerde örgütsel bağlılık, örgütsel güven ve iş doyumu profili. Istanbul Business Research, 41(2), 258-277.
90. Tosun, N. ve Ulusoy, H. (2017). The relationship of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and burnout on physicians and nurses? Journal of Economics & Management, 28 (2), 90-111.
91. Ük, T. (2020). Örgütsel sinizm ve sonuçlari: Bir meta analizi uygulamasi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. Avrasya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
92. Ülbeği, İ. D. (2016). Örgütsel adaletin meta analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(2), 101-112.
93. Ülbeği, İ. D. ve Yalçın, A. (2016). Örgütsel bağlılık ve iş doyumu ilişkisinin meta analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 31(77), 80-98.
94. Ünal, S. B. (2017). Dönüşümcü liderliğin örgütsel çıktılara etkisi: bir meta-analiz çalışması [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
95. Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W. ve Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire: Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation. Minneapolis: Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota, USA.
96. Wu, L. ve Norman, I. J. (2006). An investigation of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and role conflict and ambiguity in a sample of Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 26(4), 304-314.
97. Yang, F. H. ve Chang, C. C. (2008). Emotional labour, job satisfaction and organizational commitment amongst clinical nurses: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(6), 879-887.
98. Yanık, A., Ekin, A. ve Söyük, S. (2013). Kurumsal bağlılık ile iş tatmini arasindaki ilişki ve sosyodemografik özelliklerin etkileri üzerine bir uygulama örneği. Haydarpaşa Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 53(2), 72 – 86.
99. Yiğit, A. (2020). Türkiye’de hastane verimliliğinin meta analiz yöntemiyle tespit edilmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 24-32.